{"id":340,"date":"2017-10-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-10-12T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/armando.info\/?p=340"},"modified":"2017-10-12T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2017-10-12T00:00:00","slug":"brazilian-lava-jato-companies-tried-their-scheme-in-argentina-to-impose-surcharges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/brazilian-lava-jato-companies-tried-their-scheme-in-argentina-to-impose-surcharges\/","title":{"rendered":"Brazilian Lava Jato Companies tried their Scheme in Argentina to impose surcharges"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The loan granted by \r\nBNDES expired in September 2015. Therefore, Capitanich traveled to Rio de \r\nJaneiro and <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.diariochaco.com\/noticia\/capitanich-acordo-en-brasil-la-prorroga-del-contrato-con-el-bndes-para-el-financiamiento-de\">agreed \r\n<\/A>an extension to the contract. However, in January 2017 the Brazilian \r\nbank <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BzQUku9vPMaLeXYzRUVuMlE3R00\/view?usp=sharing\">said \r\n<\/A>that it would not resume the financing. A month later, the recently \r\nelected governor of Chaco, Domingo Peppo, <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/comunicacion.chaco.gov.ar\/gobernacion\/noticia\/44514\/peppo-firmo-financiamiento-de-2500-millones-para-reactivar-las-obras-del-acueducto\">signed an agreement \r\n<\/A>with the central government for US$ 2.5 billion to replace the \r\ninternational credit with BNDES and complete the remaining 33% of the aqueduct. \r\nIn this new stage, OAS was replaced in the consortium by company \r\nCPC.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If all the resources \r\nspent and budgeted are added up, the final value of the aqueduct is estimated at \r\nat least US$ 380.3 million, a US$ 48.6 million difference from the initial \r\namount. \"OAS is the northern Odebrecht,\" Guti\u00e9rrez said and added, \"In this \r\nproject, more than four times than expected was spent in pesos and all deadlines \r\nare past due. But, above anything else, the aqueduct was not \r\nfinished.\"<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-22.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-51174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-22.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-22-700x292.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-22-768x320.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption>SOURCE: SCREENSHOT OF INSTITUTIONAL VIDEO OF THE WATER AND MAINTENANCE SERVICE COMPANY OF THE PROVINCIAL STATE - SAMEEP.The government announced that the aqueduct would be ready by September 2014, but to date, it has not been finished.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Four months later, \r\nthe governor and former chief of staff of Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner, Jorge \r\nCapitanich, opened the envelopes and the four bidders were Techint S.A. and \r\nthree consortia, including the one that was made up of OAS Limited, Supercemento \r\nS.A. and Rovella Carranza S.A.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In February 2011, \r\nthe government of Chaco <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BzQUku9vPMaLTWZyRVFOclpxcG8\/view?usp=sharing\">awarded \r\n<\/A>the work to the business alliance made up of the Brazilian OAS, \r\nalthough its bid had been higher than the others, provincial Deputy Livio \r\nGuti\u00e9rrez said in a <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BzQUku9vPMaLUy1xTlY1Tnc4bjg\/view?usp=sharing\">complaint \r\n<\/A>filed with the Attorney General's Office of Administrative \r\nInvestigations, to which Chequeado and Armando Info had access.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The work - explained \r\nthe provincial government - would be executed with national resources, funds \r\nfrom Chaco province (through the Federal Solidarity Fund) and <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BzQUku9vPMaLU3p4UlBmZ2s1Vmc\/view?usp=sharing\">international financing<\/A> from BNDES, obtained \r\nby OAS. In July 2011, Capitanich <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.loteria.chaco.gov.ar\/index.php\/page\/831\">met \r\n<\/A>with representatives of the company \"to establish details on the \r\nexecution\". The works began in August of that year, with a construction \r\ntimeframe of 36 months. The <I>Lava Jato<\/I> explosion changed everything. \"In \r\nMarch 2015, when the case was known, the pipeline company OAS stopped the \r\ndeliveries and BNDES suspended the disbursements on the <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BzQUku9vPMaLekRwTFJBc1dOLWM\/view?usp=sharing\">indebtedness<\/A> taken by the province for about \r\nUS$ 160 million (...) and paid US$ 116 million only,\" said Deputy Guti\u00e9rrez. He \r\nadded that despite the redeterminations made and that the date of completion was \r\n2014, the aqueduct was not finished. An <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sC4XBqgpPeY\">institutional video<\/A> of the provincial company of Chaco in charge of \r\nthe water service (SAMEEP), published in October of that year, asserted that 67% \r\nof the work was completed.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-_ov8cUw-Hg alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-_ov8cUw-Hg kb-gallery-caption-style-below kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-21.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1871\" height=\"2986\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-21.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-21.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-21.jpg\" data-id=\"51175\" class=\"wp-image-51175 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-21.jpg 1871w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-21-700x1117.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-21-768x1226.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-21-962x1536.jpg 962w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-21-1283x2048.jpg 1283w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-21-1235x1971.jpg 1235w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-21-700x1117@2x.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1871px) 100vw, 1871px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-19.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"230\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-19.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-19.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-19.jpg\" data-id=\"51176\" class=\"wp-image-51176 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-20.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-20.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-20.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-20.jpg\" data-id=\"51177\" class=\"wp-image-51177 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-20.jpg 850w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-20-700x453.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-20-768x497.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">OAS, \u201cthe Northern Odebrecht\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Few Brazilian \r\nbusiness groups had a rise as dramatic and controversial as the one experienced \r\nby OAS, a group that today <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.oas.com.br\/oas-com-2\/oas-s-a\/quienes-somos\/organograma\/organograma.htm\">consists of \r\n<\/A>12 companies. Created more than three decades after Odebrecht's \r\nappearance, the Bahian conglomerate <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.structuralia.com\/es\/aee\/item\/1002101-el-top-20-de-las-constructoras-latinoamericanas\">ranked second in 2015<\/A> in the ranking of Latin American construction \r\ncompanies with the highest annual sales volume. In Argentina, one of its first \r\nincursions occurred in 2009, but the particularity happened in 2015.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><BR>While in Brazil, \r\nOperation <I>Lava Jato<\/I> added up allegations of corruption against OAS \r\nexecutives, in Argentina, Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner \u2013 who was in the last \r\nyear of her second term \u2013 <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BzQUku9vPMaLUlpubU9UczBsUnM\/view?usp=sharing\">decided to grant the company \r\n<\/A>a loan of 964 million dollars for the hydroelectric project Los \r\nBlancos, in Mendoza. This work had been pre-awarded in 2012 to the business \r\nalliance made up of Cartellone Construcciones Civiles (owned by family \r\nCartellone, Mendoza locals) and the Argentine branch of OAS, for an amount of \r\n1,426 million U.S. dollars, including VAT.<\/p>\n\n\r\n<BR \r\nstyle=\"PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always; mso-break-type: section-break\" \r\nclear=all>\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OAS <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.losandes.com.ar\/article\/quieren-blancos-comience-construido-proximo-669947\">had committed \r\n<\/A>to obtain more than half the cost of the BNDES-financed project as \r\npart of its bid, but the loan never materialized. Hence, Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner \r\nannounced in June 2015 that the national Government would cover <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BzQUku9vPMaLSDV2WXY5SFBYak0\/view?usp=sharing\">up to 65% of the total<\/A>. This modified the \r\ncriterion indicated in the resolution whereby the work was pre-awarded and in \r\nthe <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BzQUku9vPMaLQjltYUtzYnd4Zkk\/view?usp=sharing\">document \r\n<\/A>containing the statement of purpose, where it was agreed that the \r\nnecessary investment would be obtained mainly by the company.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\"The bid was \r\nadjusted throughout time by <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/servicios.infoleg.gob.ar\/infolegInternet\/anexos\/75000-79999\/76101\/texact.htm\">Decree 1295\/02, \r\n<\/A>which verifies the possibility of adjusting the price of a work by \r\nre-determining prices in public work contracts. Therefore, the change of \r\nmanagement allowed potential forecasts of amounts required to proceed with the \r\nwork,\" Rolando Baldasso \u2014former Minister of Infrastructure during the management \r\nof Francisco P\u00e9rez, recalled when speaking to Chequeado and Armando Info about a \r\nfinal amount that is unknown today.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Emilio Gui\u00f1az\u00fa, \r\nAssistant Secretary of Energy and Mining of Mendoza, of the current \r\nadministration of Alfredo Cornejo, said that \"the provision of part of the \r\nfinancing by BNDES was under the conditions of the tender.\" \"When OAS faced \r\nfinancial problems,\" explained the official, \"the financing of the bank did not \r\nmaterialize, hence, the final award was not made. Consequently, the work has not \r\nyet begun.\"<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Regarding the \r\ncurrent status of the work, Gui\u00f1az\u00fa affirmed, \"Today the process is in stand by \r\nawaiting a definition regarding the improvement of financing of the awarded \r\nconsortium\".<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As it was said, one \r\nof the first incursions of OAS was in 2009. That year, the government of the \r\nChaco province called for a tender to build the \"Second Aqueduct for the \r\nInterior\" which, according to the <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BzQUku9vPMaLQmxjaWktc3d5b00\/view?usp=sharing\">announcement<\/A>, would benefit 26 towns and 50% \r\nof the provincial population. The official budget of the work was US$ 300 \r\nmillion, with taxes included, according to <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.ecomchaco.com.ar\/licitaciones\/Licitaciones_Detalle.asp?id=12506\">official information \r\n<\/A>from the Ministry of Infrastructure of the \r\nprovince.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-_0ItAEB-0L alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-_0ItAEB-0L kb-gallery-caption-style-below kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-17.jpg\" data-description=\"The tunneling machine for the underground works of the Sarmiento railway was stopped for years.\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1110\" height=\"614\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-17.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-17.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-17.jpg\" data-id=\"51178\" class=\"wp-image-51178 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-17.jpg 1110w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-17-700x387.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-17-768x425.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1110px) 100vw, 1110px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">The tunneling machine for the underground works of the Sarmiento railway was stopped for years.<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-18.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1110\" height=\"614\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-18.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-18.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-18.jpg\" data-id=\"51179\" class=\"wp-image-51179 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-18.jpg 1110w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-18-700x387.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-18-768x425.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1110px) 100vw, 1110px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Endless Tunneling Work<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On September 13, \r\n2017, Odebrecht offices in Argentina <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/2062561-soterramiento-del-sarmiento-allanaron-las-oficinas-de-odebrecht-en-buenos-aires\">were raided \r\n<\/A>in the case investigating alleged bribery of the Brazilian company to \r\nbe awarded tunneling works of the entire Sarmiento railway. The order by federal \r\njudge Marcelo Mart\u00ednez de Giorgi was, until now, the last chapter of the saga \r\nthat began over a decade ago, during the Presidency of N\u00e9stor Kirchner, with a \r\n<A href=\"http:\/\/mepriv.mecon.gov.ar\/Normas2\/82-06-anexo.pdf\">call for tenders \r\n<\/A>by the Transportation Secretariat led by Ricardo \r\nJames.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The consortium made \r\nup of Odebrecht, IECSA S.A., COMSA S.A. and Ghella S.A. was one of the two that \r\nbided (the other was a company made up of Isolux-Esuco) and the one that <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/mepriv.mecon.gov.ar\/Normas2\/151--08.htm\">was awarded the work \r\n<\/A>for 889 million U.S. dollars. First, a decree, then, several addenda \r\nelevated the costs of the first section, which by early 2011 was already around \r\nUS$ 1.483 billion.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This would not be \r\nthe last figure. In November 2013, the Odebrecht-led consortium <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=0B8TNOqHoQulDNkxMWEZvZlI0VU0\">reported \r\n<\/A>that the board of BNDES had approved a loan of US$ 1,508 million for \r\n50% of the approximate contractual amount. So at that time, the cost of the work \r\nhad already amounted to US$ 3,016 million. The figure could further increase if \r\nit is considered that President Macri decided by Decree 797\/2016 to <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/servicios.infoleg.gob.ar\/infolegInternet\/anexos\/260000-264999\/262735\/dec797.pdf\">project<\/A> \r\ndisbursements for a total of 45 billion Argentine pesos over the next \r\nthree years to finish the work.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On June 28, 2017, \r\nOdebrecht <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/2038050-odebrecht-se-va-del-sarmiento-le-vendio-su-parte-a-una-empresa-italiana\">submitted \r\n<\/A>to the Ministry of Transport a \"change in the shareholding\" that \r\nallowed it to leave the project. The proposal consisted of selling its share in \r\nthe consortium to the Italian Ghella, which already has a share in the work. The \r\nproposal was accepted and Odebrecht's departure from the Sarmiento train project \r\nis a fact, confirmed Chequeado and Armando Info from the Ministry led by \r\nGuillermo Dietrich.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That same day, the \r\nMinistry of Transport created a <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.saij.gob.ar\/relevamiento-contrato-obra-soterramiento-corredor-ferroviario-linea-sarmiento-nv17324-2017-06-28\/123456789-0abc-423-71ti-lpssedadevon\">commission \r\n<\/A>to review the irregularities in the case, by far the work with \r\ngreater surcharge among those making up this investigation. To date, the backhoe \r\nhas excavated 1,579 m (5180.44 ft) of tunnel, barely 17% of the first \r\nstage.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In July 2016, the \r\nsix sections were awarded for 147 million U.S. dollars, which six months later \r\nwas <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=0B8TNOqHoQulDZFZEWUtqdmI2Tm8\">updated \r\n<\/A>&nbsp;to 179 million U.S. \r\ndollars. Sources from the C\u00f3rdoba government confirmed to Chequeado and Armando \r\nInfo that all the work began this 2017, with <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=0B8TNOqHoQulDZFZEWUtqdmI2Tm8\">advances \r\n<\/A>ranging from 14.9% (Punilla II) to 87.3% (Regional System Route \r\n2).<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Why the province did \r\nchoose Odebrecht even though it was already being investigated for corruption in \r\nthe <I>Lava Jato<\/I>? Because \"it works well, fast and at low prices,\" \r\nSchiaretti <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/2027292-schiaretti-defendio-a-oderbrecht-en-cordoba-trabaja-bien-y-cobra-barato\">argued<\/A> \r\nlast May during a meeting with journalists. In August they asked him \r\nagain, How could it be that Odebrecht has bribed everywhere but in Cordoba? \r\n\"Because we do not let it. It's very simple,\" he <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.lavoz.com.ar\/politica\/schiaretti-sobre-odebrecht-nosotros-no-coimeamos-nadie\">said<\/A>.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some members of the \r\nCordovan cabinet do not help dispel suspicions. Fabi\u00e1n L\u00f3pez, the provincial \r\nMinister of Water, Environment and Utilities <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.lavoz.com.ar\/politica\/citan-declarar-fabian-lopez-e-inhiben-sus-bienes\">will be investigated in December<\/A> for his role \r\nas the <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.cba.gov.ar\/reparticion\/ministerio-de-agua-ambiente-y-servicios-publicos\/\">second-most of the Public Works Secretariat \r\n<\/A>during Kirchnerism in the case of the twin tenders and surcharges for \r\nthe works of AySA. His boss was Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez, the man who was filmed in the early \r\nmorning hours of June 14, 2016, while throwing bags of money in a monastery, and \r\nis now detained and tried for the crime of illicit \r\nenrichment.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-_aSTYsQ-64 alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-_aSTYsQ-64 kb-gallery-caption-style-below kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-12.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1076\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-12.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-12.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-12.jpg\" data-id=\"51180\" class=\"wp-image-51180 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-12.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-12-700x981.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-13.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1076\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-13.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-13.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-13.jpg\" data-id=\"51181\" class=\"wp-image-51181 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-13.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-13-700x981.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-14.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1076\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-14.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-14.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-14.jpg\" data-id=\"51182\" class=\"wp-image-51182 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-14.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-14-700x981.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-15.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1076\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-15.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-15.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-15.jpg\" data-id=\"51183\" class=\"wp-image-51183 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-15.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-15-700x981.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-16.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1076\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-16.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-16.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-16.jpg\" data-id=\"51184\" class=\"wp-image-51184 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-16.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-16-700x981.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cIt works well and at low prices\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this plot, not \r\nonly the previous Government of Argentina is involved. Between 2008 and 2009, \r\nthe Government of C\u00f3rdoba <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/web2.cba.gov.ar\/web\/leyes.nsf\/85a69a561f9ea43d03257234006a8594\/db8628e882d0e2fd8325761d00644f93?OpenDocument\">called for an international tender<\/A> for the construction of the province's main gas \r\npipelines, stating that the bidders should provide financing of at least 75% of \r\nthe price of the work. The winner was a business alliance made up of Brazil\u2019s \r\nAndrade Gutierrez S.A. and Argentina's IECSA S.A. and Britos S.A., which <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/web2.cba.gov.ar\/web\/leyes.nsf\/85a69a561f9ea43d03257234006a8594\/db8628e882d0e2fd8325761d00644f93?OpenDocument\">offered \r\n<\/A>to do the work for 220 million U.S. dollars and proposed BNDES \r\nfinancing.<BR>The contracts were signed in 2009, during the first term of \r\ngovernor Juan Schiaretti, and soon began the proceedings before the Ministry of \r\nEconomy to make the loan from the Brazilian bank \u201coperational.\u201d The work <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.lavoz.com.ar\/politica\/gasoductos-troncales-la-provincia-da-por-caido-el-megaproyecto\">was paralyzed for several years \r\n<\/A>until in March 2015, during Juan Manuel de la Sota\u2019s period, the \r\nprovince <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/prensa.cba.gov.ar\/gobernacion\/el-gobierno-anulo-los-contratos-de-los-gasoductos\/\">cancelled the contracts<\/A> since the bidding \r\ncompanies did not have financing. However, the local government ended up <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=0B8TNOqHoQulDWmEwbDNOcDVJWms\">paying \r\n<\/A>them US $ 35.3 million for \"preliminary tasks\" of the work that was \r\nnever finished.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, the \r\npresident of Andrade Gutierrez Ot\u00e1vio Azevedo was <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.valor.com.br\/politica\/4715503\/otavio-azevedo-ex-da-andrade-gutierrez-e-condenado-na-lava-jato\">convicted \r\n<\/A>&nbsp;by the Brazilian Justice \r\nand reached an agreement to reduce his sentence in exchange for providing \r\ninformation, known in Brazil as \"plea and cooperation \r\nagreement.\"<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Between 2015 and \r\n2016, with Schiaretti in charge of the provincial government again, the province \r\n<A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/web2.cba.gov.ar\/web\/leyes.nsf\/85a69a561f9ea43d03257234006a8594\/9fc2726f6be33d2a03257f7d0078181c\/%24FILE\/DECRETO%2080-16%20PROGRAMA%20GASODUCTOS%20TRONCALES.pdf\">reopened the tender<\/A>, now with 500 more \r\nkilometers (310.68 mi) of construction. Odebrecht <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/web2.cba.gov.ar\/web\/leyes.nsf\/85a69a561f9ea43d03257234006a8594\/9fc2726f6be33d2a03257f7d0078181c?OpenDocument\">was awarded<\/A> six of the ten sections of the \r\nmain gas pipelines, even though the Brazilian company was already under \r\ninvestigation after having confessed the payment of \r\nbribes.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But there is more. \r\nWhile the business alliance led by Odebrecht was awarded the construction of \r\nthat plant, another consortium made up of the Brazilian company Camargo Correa \r\nand the Argentine company Esuco S.A. won a contract for the construction of a \r\nsewage treatment plant in Berazategui, also <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/vLFAhjJM98q\">located \r\n<\/A>in the Province of Buenos Aires, parallel to R\u00edo de la Plata and the \r\nBuenos Aires-La Plata Expressway. As <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/2048882-odebrecht-pago-coimas-por-us-14-millones-para-ganar-un-contrato-de-aysa\">published \r\n<\/A>by La Naci\u00f3n newspaper, the owner of the construction company Esuco, \r\nCarlos Wagner, was responsible for organizing the distribution of these works, \r\nthe liaison between Federal Planning officials and Odebrecht executives for the \r\npayment of bribes.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As if it were a game \r\nof mirrors, the costs of this work also suffered dramatic increases. The initial \r\namount of the plant was <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=0B8TNOqHoQulDWm5rVmZEUnhXTlE\">estimated \r\n<\/A>at 104.5 million U.S. dollars, but the <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=0B8TNOqHoQulDMi1WejFVZUpycVk\">increases<\/A> began soon. Two companies submitted \r\nbids for the Berazategui plant: Electroingenier\u00eda (a group led by entrepreneurs \r\nGerardo Ferreyra and Osvaldo Costa, closed to the former government of Cristina \r\nFern\u00e1ndez, which also <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.eling.com.ar\/index.php\/quienes-somos\/historia\">ventured \r\n<\/A>into the media market) and the consortium made up of Camargo Correa \r\nand Esuco. AySA accepted Esuco\u2019s proposal, including a \"bid improvement\" that \r\nwas actually a financing proposal through BNDES. The <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=0B8TNOqHoQulDRzB3dzUyYy1NSjA\">award contract<\/A> was signed for US$ 145.9 \r\nmillion, including VAT.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, by \r\nrepeating the Paran\u00e1 de Las Palmas scheme, at least two addenda with \"price \r\n<BR>redeterminations\" were signed (<A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=0B8TNOqHoQulDRzctZUpZTkxHaEU\">one \r\n<\/A>in 2010 and the <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=0B8TNOqHoQulDVHdFS29USlc3TlU\">other \r\n<\/A>in 2011), which elevated its cost to <BR>US$ 167.3 million. \"It is \r\nsurprising that items with a high unit cost have soaring increases,\" <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=0B8TNOqHoQulDR0hYdkt3NFZHUXc\">said \r\n<\/A>the auditors of the Argentine Center of Engineers, who added, \"It is \r\nnoteworthy that the quantities of some items that were calculated for the tender \r\ndouble, triple, and more.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The case of the twin \r\ntenders ended before the courts of justice and, on September 1, 2017, federal \r\njudge Sebasti\u00e1n Casanello <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/2058800-odebrecht-citan-a-indagatoria-a-funcionarios-de-aysa-y-empresarios-por-las-plantas-potabilizadoras\">ordered \r\n<\/A>the depositions of former AySA president Carlos Ben and his right \r\nhand Raul Biancuzzo. Representatives of Odebrecht, Camargo Correa, Benito \r\nRoggio, Esuco, Supercemento, and Jos\u00e9 Cartellone Construcciones were also \r\ncalled, among others. Casanello considered that the tenders resulting in both \r\nawards were assigned beforehand so that the consortium led by Odebrecht won the \r\nwork of Paran\u00e1 de ??Las Palmas and the other led by Camargo Correa obtained the \r\nwork of the sewage treatment plant in Berazategui.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the \r\nreport that federal prosecutor Sergio Rodr\u00edguez submitted to the judge of the \r\ncase, Odebrecht <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/2059434-odebrecht-conto-con-informacion-secreta-para-ganar-una-licitacion-oficial\">knew \r\n<\/A>the place, date and technical details of the financing for the \r\nconstruction of the plant in Paran\u00e1 de Las Palmas, almost half a year before \r\nAySA made public the call for tenders. Exchanges between BNDES and the \r\nconsortium led by Camargo Correa reveal that this company also learned about the \r\nconstruction of the Berazategui plant well in advance. \"This shows preexisting \r\nagreements and reveals the set-up of the public tender as simply staging,\" judge \r\nCasanello said when signing the call for deposition.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the end of \r\nSeptember, La Naci\u00f3n newspaper <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/2067947-separan-a-odebrecht-de-una-obra-de-aysa-ante-las-sospechas-de-corrupcion\">revealed \r\n<\/A>that Odebrecht is about to sell its share in the work to Roggio, \r\nCartellone and Supercemento, its local partners. However, it is necessary to \r\nagree upon a solution for a proposal by the Brazilian company, claiming a \r\nmillionaire compensation for alleged failures by AySA associated to payment in \r\ndue time and form for the works performed.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-_rDigSf-Zk alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-_rDigSf-Zk kb-gallery-caption-style-below kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-none kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"false\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-9.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-9.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-9.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-9.jpg\" data-id=\"51185\" class=\"wp-image-51185 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-9.jpg 900w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-9-700x1062.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-9-768x1165.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before moving \r\nforward with the award, AySA asked the consortium made up of Odebrecht to \r\nimprove its bid. The company responded that this was impossible, but offered in \r\nreturn an increase in BNDES financing. Then, as <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/www.agn.gov.ar\/files\/informes\/2013_229info.pdf\">this report \r\n<\/A>from the National General Auditing Office explains, AySA <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=0B8TNOqHoQulDb1ppUWpjaFdGVHM\">adjusted \r\n<\/A>the budget to US$ 869.8 million without any modification whatsoever \r\nin the terms and conditions. Finally, the work was <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=0B8TNOqHoQulDMWxrbVVOa1J5NHM\">awarded \r\n<\/A>to the consortium made up of Odebrecht for US $ 880.4 million, an \r\namount even higher than the adjusted budget.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As reported to \r\nChequeado and Armando Info by the Office for Administrative Investigations (PIA) \r\n\u2014a body specialized in the investigation of corruption, attached to the Attorney \r\nGeneral\u2019s Office, which is the responsibility of prosecutor Sergio Rodr\u00edguez\u2014 \r\njust three weeks had passed from the invitation to tender for the mega work in \r\nParan\u00e1 de las Palmas to the deadline to submit bids.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shortly after, the \r\nwork began and, in theory, it should have been completed by January 2012. \r\nHowever, the AGN <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/www.agn.gov.ar\/files\/informes\/2013_229info.pdf\">reported, \r\n<\/A>\"the absence of appropriate planning\" led to delays in the execution \r\nof the work. \"A small backlog in the works is always justifiable,\" <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0B8TNOqHoQulDUWZkRFdCQ2oxUms\/view\">said \r\n<\/A>the auditors, but in this case, \"in the opinion of the auditors, the \r\ndelays, at the discretion of this audit, far exceeded the justifiable\". Hence, \r\nthese delays affected the final value of the work.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How were these \r\nincreases expressed? By addenda and letters of understanding. For example, \r\naddendum No. 9 of November 2013 added the construction of an aqueduct for US$ \r\n140.2 million, while addendum No. 11 added paving works for US$ 22.7 million to \r\nthe \"combo\". By then, the work had already exceeded the US$ 1 billion barrier \r\nand its costs totaled US$ 1,043.9 million. The figure may be higher, since there \r\nare missing addenda detected by the audit of the Argentine Center of Engineers \r\n(CAI), the amounts of which are unknown.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-_te96vS-OT alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-_te96vS-OT kb-gallery-caption-style-below kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-7.jpg\" data-description=\"The Northern Area Water Treatment System: 40 km (24.85 mi) of aqueducts, the water intake in the river, and a nearly 15-km (9.32-mi) long tunnel.\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"413\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-7.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-7.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-7.jpg\" data-id=\"51186\" class=\"wp-image-51186 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">The Northern Area Water Treatment System: 40 km (24.85 mi) of aqueducts, the water intake in the river, and a nearly 15-km (9.32-mi) long tunnel.<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-8.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"413\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-8.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-8.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-8.jpg\" data-id=\"51187\" class=\"wp-image-51187 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Strange Case of the Twin Tenders<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With a water \r\ntreatment plant, 40 km (24.85 mi) of aqueducts, the water intake in the Paran\u00e1 \r\nde las Palmas river, and a nearly 15-km (9.32-mi) long tunnel, the Northern \r\nWater Purification System, located in the Municipality of Tigre, in the Province \r\nof Buenos Aires, is one of the most ambitious infrastructure projects of the \r\nlast decades. Also, one that creates more suspicions.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In March 2008, the \r\nstate-owned company AySA called for a tender for the construction and start-up \r\nof the plant and its attached works, for which it <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=0B8TNOqHoQulDNjMtSmktQjdTNmM\">estimated \r\n<\/A>a budget of 595.4 million U.S. dollars, including VAT. There were two \r\nbids. The first, from a consortium made up of Construcciones y Comercio Camargo \r\nCorrea S.A. and Esuco S.A.; the second, from a consortium made up of Odebrecht, \r\nBenito Roggio and Hijos S.A., Supercemento S.A., and Jos\u00e9 Cartellone \r\nConstrucciones Civiles S.A.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, based on the same document and the <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BzQUku9vPMaLbXFFUkdEeU1MaTg\/view?usp=sharing\">complaint \r\n<\/A>by prosecutor Stornelli, the initial amount established in the \r\ntenders for the work named \"2006-2008 TGN and TGS gas pipeline expansion\" had \r\nbeen lower (US$ 1,677 million, including VAT), i.e. a difference of US$ 588.4 \r\nmillion over the final value.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\"There is not a due \r\ntechnical and economic justification that supports the fairness or probability \r\nof such variation or budget deviation,\" the prosecutor said in his preliminary \r\ninvestigation.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\">Chequeado and Armando Info<\/B> contacted all Argentine companies involved in this \r\ncontract. Contreras Hermanos, a company that was subcontracted by Odebrecht for \r\nthe extension work and the expansion of gas pipelines, argued before these media \r\nthat the \"initial price and final price are the same, except for the adjustments \r\nfor inflation.\" However, and to avoid the effect of inflation on prices, <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/chequeado.com\/\">Chequeado \r\n<\/A>calculated the increase of the works previously indicated in U.S. \r\ndollars, not in Argentine pesos.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the name of \r\nthe work refers to year 2008 as the completion date, more than a decade from the \r\nsigning of the contract, the expansion of the four gas pipelines has not yet \r\nbeen completed. In addition, in 2012, the National General Auditing Office <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BzQUku9vPMaLNEFPQU9rT0JsMEE\/view?usp=sharing\">found \r\n<\/A>that the documentation provided by NAFISA (the trust of Banco Naci\u00f3n \r\nthat acted as administrator of the resources for the work) \"was not useful to \r\nvalidate the physical progress of the work reported by Enargas or verify the \r\ndelays generated on the licensing of works.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the end of 2016, \r\nalmost a year after Mauricio Macri became President of Argentina, the Ministry \r\nof Energy and Mining asked the Federal Justice to investigate the National \r\nGeneral Auditing Office\u2019s <\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">report and <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BzQUku9vPMaLc2ZlQ2Q0eHoxQXM\/view?usp=sharing\">ordered<\/A> the trust of the state-owned Banco \r\nNaci\u00f3n, through Cammesa, \"to immediately take all necessary measures to rescind \r\nthe contract\" entered into with Odebrecht. The Anti-Corruption Bureau (OA), led \r\nby former deputy [of the Congress] Laura Alonso, also requested <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BzQUku9vPMaLc2ZlQ2Q0eHoxQXM\/view?usp=sharing\">to be a complainant \r\n<\/A>in the case to investigate the irregularities \r\ndetected.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When Chequeado and \r\nArmando Info asked Odebrecht about it, it merely said that the company \"is a \r\nservice provider\" and \" the information you need should be provided by our \r\nclients,\" i.e. the subcontracted companies.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><\/B><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"413\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-51188\"\/><figcaption>Although the name of the work referred to 2008 as the completion date, the AGN (National General Auditing Office) could not validate the physical progress of the work.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Almost a decade \r\nafter its completion, US$ 117.5 million is the latest official amount known from \r\nthe Southern Gas Pipeline.Despite the passing of time, these amounts were under \r\nthe scrutiny of prosecutor Stornelli, who after a preliminary investigation made \r\na criminal complaint that was in the hands of federal judge Daniel Rafecas and \r\nprosecutor Federico Delgado.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That was not the \r\nlast of Odebrecht's work on the Argentine gas system. While undertaking the \r\nextension works, the company participated and was in charge of the expansion of \r\nthe North and Central West gas pipelines (run by TGN) and South and Neuba II (by \r\nTGS). That is the work for which US$ 25 million were paid in bribes, as <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/2034712-odebrecht-revelan-que-de-vido-acordo-coimas-por-us-25-millones\">disclosed \r\n<\/A>by La Naci\u00f3n. In practice, it was the installment of loops or \r\nparallel pipes to carry gas from the north and south of the country to the city \r\nand the province of Buenos Aires.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In \r\n2005, at the request of De Vido, TGN and TGS called for open tenders to choose \r\nthe builders. There were problems since the initial calculation. Based on the <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BziaQPBJ_sB-V0tqLTFTNjdxM28\/view?usp=sharing\">Opinion \r\nof the Group of Experts<\/A> of the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice, in the \r\ncase of alleged surcharges processed in Rafecas court, TGS stated that \"the \r\ncosts corresponding to the assembly of pipes were determined according to the \r\nvalues offered by the contractor of the 2005 Gas Pipeline of San Mart\u00edn \r\nexpansion, which were higher than the values agreed upon with that provider.\" In \r\nshort, the values had been already inflated by contractor Odebrecht and would be \r\nreinflated.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The winning \r\ncompanies were Albanesi S.A. (private) and Cammesa S.A. (of the National \r\nGovernment and <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/portalweb.cammesa.com\/Pages\/Institucional\/defaultinstitucional.aspx\">four associations \r\n<\/A>of the private sector), in the north and south, respectively. The \r\ncompanies, however, repeated the scheme of the large Brazilian companies. They \r\nleave another company in charge of the tasks and called for open tenders \r\nagain.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Odebrecht won both \r\ntenders by applying the same <I>modus operandi<\/I> as for the extension work, \r\ni.e. it <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BzQUku9vPMaLNEFPQU9rT0JsMEE\/view?usp=sharing\">obtained \r\n<\/A>financial support from BNDES and subcontracted a group of local \r\nconstruction companies: Techint, Contreras Hermanos S.A., Esuco S.A. (of Carlos \r\nWagner, director of the Argentine Chamber of Construction from 2004 to 2012) \r\nand, with a small participation, <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/www.boletinoficial.gob.ar\/%23%21DetalleSegundaBusquedaAvanzada\/A518367\/20151029\">BTU S.A.<\/A> \r\n(of entrepreneur Carlos Mund\u00edn).<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The final \r\ncontractual amount, based on the <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BziaQPBJ_sB-V0tqLTFTNjdxM28\/view?usp=sharing\">expert analysis \r\n<\/A>of the court, was US$ 2.266 million with VAT \r\nincluded.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-_A4qHlL-aw alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-_A4qHlL-aw kb-gallery-caption-style-below kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-1.jpg\" data-description=\"The Libertador General San Mart\u00edn and Neuba II gas pipelines are one of the largest works in the south of Argentina.\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-1.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-1.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-1.jpg\" data-id=\"51189\" class=\"wp-image-51189 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-1-700x466.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">The Libertador General San Mart\u00edn and Neuba II gas pipelines are one of the largest works in the south of Argentina.<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-2.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2479\" height=\"3508\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-2.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-2.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-2.jpg\" data-id=\"51190\" class=\"wp-image-51190 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-2.jpg 2479w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-2-700x991.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-2-2200x3113.jpg 2200w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-2-768x1087.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-2-1085x1536.jpg 1085w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-2-1447x2048.jpg 1447w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-2-1235x1748.jpg 1235w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-2-700x991@2x.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2479px) 100vw, 2479px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-3.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2479\" height=\"3508\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-3.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-3.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-3.jpg\" data-id=\"51191\" class=\"wp-image-51191 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-3.jpg 2479w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-3-700x991.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-3-2200x3113.jpg 2200w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-3-768x1087.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-3-1085x1536.jpg 1085w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-3-1447x2048.jpg 1447w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-3-1235x1748.jpg 1235w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-3-700x991@2x.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2479px) 100vw, 2479px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-4.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2479\" height=\"3508\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-4.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-4.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-4.jpg\" data-id=\"51192\" class=\"wp-image-51192 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-4.jpg 2479w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-4-700x991.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-4-2200x3113.jpg 2200w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-4-768x1087.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-4-1085x1536.jpg 1085w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-4-1447x2048.jpg 1447w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-4-1235x1748.jpg 1235w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-4-700x991@2x.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2479px) 100vw, 2479px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-5.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2479\" height=\"3508\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-5.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-5.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-5.jpg\" data-id=\"51193\" class=\"wp-image-51193 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-5.jpg 2479w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-5-700x991.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-5-2200x3113.jpg 2200w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-5-768x1087.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-5-1085x1536.jpg 1085w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-5-1447x2048.jpg 1447w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-5-1235x1748.jpg 1235w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12102017-5-700x991@2x.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2479px) 100vw, 2479px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odebrecht's Excessive Profit<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The evidence \r\ngathered allows to prove that, in the context of the private competitions \r\ncarried out by the companies (...) Transportadora de Gas del Norte (TGN) and \r\nTransportadora de Gas del Sur (TGS), a scheme was implemented whereby the \r\nintervening public officials affected the funds of the trust created for the \r\nexecution of the works there promised, thus unlawfully benefiting the companies \r\nSkanska S.A., Techint S.A., Contreras Hermanos S.A., BTU S.A., and Odebrecht \r\nS.A.\"<BR><BR>The conclusion of the then federal judge Norberto Oyarbide would be \r\nlost among the thousand sheets of his <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BziaQPBJ_sB-dk56ZUlIaERaWHM\/view\">2010 ruling \r\n<\/A>if it were not because seven years later, as La Naci\u00f3n newspaper <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/2034712-odebrecht-revelan-que-de-vido-acordo-coimas-por-us-25-millones\">revealed<\/A>, former Odebrecht executive M\u00e1rcio \r\nFaria da Silva confessed before the Brazilian court that the company paid US$ 25 \r\nmillion in bribes to obtain the expansion of that work.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It was the first \r\ntime that the courts of Argentina had targeted the leading construction company \r\nin Latin America, based on the annual sales <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/www.structuralia.com\/es\/aee\/item\/1002101-el-top-20-de-las-constructoras-latinoamericanas\">ranking \r\n<\/A>prepared by the specialized consulting company \r\nStructuralia.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But there is more \r\nabout this case.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Federal Prosecutor \r\nCarlos Stornelli was investigating the \"Skanska case\" on the Northern Gas \r\nPipeline and ran into a millionaire award without a public tender and with \r\nunexplained cost overruns: the Southern Gas Pipeline, an enormous project to \r\nbring gas to the south of the country. The works (mainly extension of pipelines \r\nand construction of compressor houses) were under the sphere of the then \r\nArgentina\u2019s Minister of Energy Daniel Cameron and the administrator of \r\nArgentina\u2019s National Gas Regulator (Enargas) Fulvio Madaro, both trustful \r\nofficials of the Minister of Federal Planning Julio De Vido during the \r\ngovernments of N\u00e9stor Kirchner and his wife Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez de \r\nKirchner.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The joint venture \r\nTGS had initially estimated the amount of the road system extension at 76.3 \r\nmillion U.S. dollars with VAT included, but all the offers were higher. In \r\nDecember 2004, Jorge Garc\u00eda, TGS\u2019 proxy, informed Minister Cameron that the \r\ntender would be cancelled. It was reopened weeks later, but the quotations of \r\nthe bidding companies (Odebrecht and consortium Camargo Correa-IECSA) continued \r\nabove expectations. Even so, TGS contacted Odebrecht to request an improvement \r\nin its prices. Note: According to the <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BziaQPBJ_sB-dk56ZUlIaERaWHM\/view\">abovementioned ruling<\/A>, the request was not \r\nmade to its competitor.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, in 2005, \r\nduring the government of N\u00e9stor Kirchner, the Brazilian company signed a \r\ncontract for US$ 117.5 million with VAT included, US$ 41.1 million more than the \r\ninitial budget. Garc\u00eda said that he had \"made every assessment, proceeding and \r\nnegotiation within his reach to significantly improve the bid\" and he considered \r\n\"having achieved the best possible price.\"<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Odebrecht undertook \r\nto process a loan from BNDES, which it <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.bndes.gov.br\/wps\/portal\/site\/home\/imprensa\/noticias\/conteudo\/20050224_not031_05\/%21ut\/p\/z1\/tVRdb5swFP0te-CR-IJxgEnTRDu0dCGKtpY28IIMccBTsIlxwvbv56SZpnZpoqmrX5Avl_Nh7jHK0QLlgu54TTWXgq7NPsvHRRJO44k3hwTInQfRJ-x7qR_DNHDRw6EBXlgRoPzJ907qQJTg6X369cq5CQm6RznKK6E73aCsFEvWF1z0muttdVBgQSNbZgFvO8VETy0QUvOK096CSgrNtktpgQtAwHW9wrwE7BRA9rBdxZcoo6FHvBCXtkMCZnsldu2AYmKPw7DEPgvHgNnRxhmf-XmXXy75NAfpqtn1rDayqG5sLlYSLXq5Vj2jqmqMgvwpxvwGxxBNrhPixVPnc4iPDWdUZMaF_7ILjB52nA0oFVK15ufe_uMhTS4xzN1XMlyAJ28L778pvOe9Ev75jP01o6dn\">finally obtained \r\n<\/A>in February 2005. Part of the financing would also come from a trust \r\nfund of Banco Naci\u00f3n, one of Argentina's leading financial institutions. But the \r\nwork was finally awarded to Techint (of entrepreneur Paolo Rocca); Swedish \r\nSkanska; and Contreras Hermanos(of entrepreneur <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/ar.linkedin.com\/in\/juan-touceda-624b98b\">Juan Touceda<\/A>), companies that were outsourced \r\nby Odebrecht.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Brazilian \r\ncompany argued <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BziaQPBJ_sB-dk56ZUlIaERaWHM\/view\">at that time<\/A> that the millions of surcharged \r\ndollars were the result of construction complications, income tax withholdings \r\nand taxes to obtain financing from the Brazilian bank. However, a <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BziaQPBJ_sB-dk56ZUlIaERaWHM\/view\">report \r\n<\/A>from the Argentine General Accounting Office maintains that the \r\nminute of the opening of the closed tender did not include the details of the \r\nbids submitted nor a technical report \"that justifies the election of (...) \r\nOdebrecht S.A.\"<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, the \r\ndocument stated: \"Although the regulator [Enargas] recommended approving the \r\ncontracting for the term of the gas pipeline construction, the fairness of the \r\nincrease of the work cost is not endorsed by a detailed report.\" As a result, \r\nEnargas \"allowed the assumption of an abusive obligation (...) that allowed the \r\ncontracted companies to obtain excessive profit.\"<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According \r\nto company TGS, the extension of the gas pipelines was completed in 2008, and a \r\n<A href=\"http:\/\/www.ceare.org\/tesis\/2016\/tes14.pdf\">document \r\n<\/A>published by the <I>Centro de Estudios de la Actividad Regulatoria \r\nEnerg\u00e9tica<\/I> (Center of Studies of Energy Regulatory Activities) of \r\nUniversidad de Buenos Aires indicates that the work allowed increasing the \r\ntransport capacity of the network operated by TGS to 2.9 million m3 \r\n(102,412,533.5 ft3) of gas per day.<BR \r\nstyle=\"mso-special-character: line-break\"><BR \r\nstyle=\"mso-special-character: line-break\"><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-embed-script-dbPaKs wp-block-lazyblock-embed-script\"><div id=\"empresas-brasilenas-chart-es\" data-pym-src=\"https:\/\/chequeado.github.io\/empresas-brasilenas\/dist\/index_es.html\"><\/div><script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/pym\/1.3.1\/pym.v1.min.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote alignleft\"><blockquote><p>\"For example, in the works of Odebrecht, there is a system for obtaining contracts,\"<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cFor example, in the \r\nworks of Odebrecht, there is a system for obtaining contracts,\" explained \r\nDelgado. The attraction: to include BNDES as financier of the work, since \r\noffering credit support gives competitive advantage over other bidding \r\ncompanies. The construction of the Sarmiento underground railway from the City \r\nof Buenos Aires to the province of Moreno (Buenos Aires) \"is the paradigmatic \r\ncase\" for the prosecutor. \"Come and go, come and go, and in the end, the work is \r\nfinanced by the national government,\" Delgado added.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is difficult to \r\nfight these practices with existing legislation. Volosin recalled that Argentina \r\nhas one of the oldest procurement and contracting systems in Latin America and \r\nthe Caribbean. The <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/servicios.infoleg.gob.ar\/infolegInternet\/anexos\/35000-39999\/38542\/norma.htm\">Public Works Acts<\/A>, for example, dates back to \r\n1947. \"The possibilities offered by the purchase system to inflate costs are \r\nvast. Hence, a company that at one point appeared as the best bidder can stop \r\nbeing the best without the imposition of any penalty whatsoever,\" said the \r\ncorruption specialist. She added that neither are there clear consequences for \r\nthose companies that are delayed or do not fulfill the works.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><BR>\"This is \r\nsomething that goes through the last decade of Argentine politics: a great \r\npublic work, for a large amount, with a long term, which after signing of \r\ncontract gives rise to the famous addenda or extensions thereto. In short, what \r\nwas worth 10 ends up being worth 30 and the final picture is never the original \r\npicture,\" federal prosecutor Federico Delgado affirmed to Chequeado and Armando \r\nInfo.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From 2005 to 2017, \r\nthese companies won 11 works in Argentina, seven of which offered financing from \r\nBNDES. If considered as a whole, there was an average surcharge of US$ 313 \r\nmillion. And based on the documents analyzed and the calculation made for this \r\ninvestigation, the differences between initial and final amounts ranged from 22% \r\nto 239%. Many of the works have not been finished.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this \r\ninvestigation, <B style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\">Chequeado y Armando \r\nInfo<\/B> <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1_NOEjCgLHCFiUHzHEQFl-RYN9emYGNBxoNobytWLme8\/edit#gid%3D1034160026\">analyzed the works \r\n<\/A>managed by the construction companies Andrade Gutierrez S.A., Camargo \r\nCorrea S.A., Norberto Odebrecht S.A., OAS Limitada, and Queiroz Galvao S.A., \r\nincluding the subsidiary firms and consortia that they formed with other \r\ncompanies (see table on the methodology used). All these Brazilian companies <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/lavajato.mpf.mp.br\/atuacao-na-1a-instancia\/decisoes-da-justica\/documentos\/12-83376-05_evento-5-despadec1_recebimento-denuncia-oas\">have directors involved \r\n<\/A>in the <I style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\">Lava Jato<\/I> \r\nOperation.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While not all these \r\nworks are investigated by judges and prosecutors, many share a common pattern. \r\nFirst, a Brazilian construction company associates with one or more Argentine \r\ncompanies and presents itself to the tender offering the lowest price and BNDES \r\nfinancing. Then, the work undergoes \"redetermination of prices\" and addenda are \r\nsigned, which progressively increase its value. In some cases, while the work is \r\ndelayed, BNDES withdraws and the Argentine Government is forced to seek \r\nalternative sources of financing. In any event, the work is almost never \r\ncompleted on time and is more expensive than originally \r\nplanned.<BR>&nbsp;<BR>\"What you see is a <I>modus operandi<\/I>, which is not \r\nunique to Brazil's works, but also to how the public work contracting operates \r\nin Argentina,\" explained Natalia Volosin, a lawyer specialized in corruption, \r\nwith a master's degree of Law from Yale University in the United States of \r\nAmerica. She added, \"The system is not designed for efficiency or transparency \r\nof processes. What officials usually do is to take advantage of the holes in \r\neach stage, from the establishment of the need for the work to the execution of \r\nthe works.\"<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><BR>Odebrecht was the great beneficiary among \r\nthe Brazilian companies. It obtained contracts that generated at least 7.075 \r\nbillion U.S. dollars, 74% of the total. It was followed by the construction \r\ncompany OAS Limited, with over 1,806 million U.S. dollars, and then by Queiroz \r\nGalvao S.A. <\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(US$ 557 million) \r\nand Camargo Correa S.A. (US$ 167 million). In all, these companies <A \r\nhref=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1_NOEjCgLHCFiUHzHEQFl-RYN9emYGNBxoNobytWLme8\/edit#gid%3D1034160026\">won 11 works<\/A>, seven of which offered financing \r\nfrom BNDES. The average surcharge of the works analyzed was US$ 313 million (see \r\ntable \"Other Millionaire Works\").<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They arrived, they \r\npromised, they won. They almost always charged. They did not always deliver. \r\nDuring the last 12 years, the Brazilian companies involved in the <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/chequeado.com\/el-explicador\/radiografia-de-la-operacion-lava-jato-en-brasil\/\">&nbsp;<\/A><A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/chequeado.com\/el-explicador\/radiografia-de-la-operacion-lava-jato-en-brasil\/\"><I \r\nstyle=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\">Lava<\/I><\/A> <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/chequeado.com\/el-explicador\/radiografia-de-la-operacion-lava-jato-en-brasil\/\"><I \r\nstyle=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\">Jato<\/I> \r\n<I style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\">Operation<\/I><I \r\nstyle=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\"> \r\n<\/I><\/A><I style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\">\u2014the huge corruption \r\ninvestigation carried out in Brazil, which pursues the payment of kickbacks and \r\nbribes to win tenders in public works in different countries around the world, \r\nincluding Argentina\u2014, obtained works in the country for at least 9,600 million \r\nU.S. dollars, <\/I><A href=\"http:\/\/chequeado.com\/labalanza\/%23\/\">the equivalent \r\n<\/A>of more than 17,000 kilometers (10,563.31 miles) of resurfaced route, \r\ni.e. 43% of the <A \r\nhref=\"http:\/\/www.aacarreteras.org.ar\/uploads\/pdf\/1f258805567b573edd453aceda01e5973f9ee40b.pdf\">total road system<\/A> \r\nof Argentina.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Boosted in many \r\ncases by the financing from the National Bank for Economic and Social \r\nDevelopment (BNDES), the Brazilian construction companies won some of the most \r\nimportant local public works contracts of our time amid suspicion of \r\ncartelization, surcharges and bribery.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wps-pgfw-pdf-generate-icon__wrapper-frontend pgfw-icon-display pgfw-icon-display--default\" style=\"--pgfw-icon-justify:center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/340\/?action=genpdf&#038;id=340\" class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button pgfw-single-pdf-download-button--default pgfw-single-pdf-download-button--icon-only\" title=\"Generate PDF\" style=\"--pgfw-icon-width:25px;--pgfw-icon-height:45px;\" aria-label=\"Download PDF\"><span class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button__media\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><img src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-generator-for-wp\/admin\/src\/images\/PDF_Tray.svg\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Odebrecht was not the only one. Four companies were awarded a dozen works to build large infrastructures in Argentina, nearly always using the gimmick of an attractive quote and the accompanying financing by a Brazilian state development bank. However, they subcontracted other providers afterward and, with the projects already in progress, the costs increased and the Argentine State ended up providing the funds, over US$ 9,000 million, of which an average of 300 million per work corresponded to surcharges. In addition, today many of the projects remain unfinished. The pattern would be used by Brazilian construction companies in other Latin American markets.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":51194,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","ghostkit_customizer_options":"","ghostkit_custom_css":"","ghostkit_custom_js_head":"","ghostkit_custom_js_foot":"","ghostkit_typography":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2387,2210],"tags":[521,40,686,684],"pais":[4216],"serie":[4222],"localizacion":[4227],"ppma_author":[2314,2315],"class_list":["post-340","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internacionales","category-investigacion","tag-argentina","tag-brasil","tag-lavajato","tag-odebrecht","pais-venezuela-en","serie-expediente-odebrecht-en"],"acf":{"reportage-top-html":""},"views":3485,"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":2387,"label":"Internacionales"},{"value":2210,"label":"Investigacion"}],"post_tag":[{"value":521,"label":"Argentina"},{"value":40,"label":"Brasil"},{"value":686,"label":"LavaJato"},{"value":684,"label":"Odebrecht"}],"pais":[{"value":4216,"label":"Venezuela"}],"serie":[{"value":4222,"label":"EXPEDIENTE ODEBRECHT"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/portada-LAVAJATO-ARG.png",1249,510,false],"author_info":{"display_name":"ARMANDO.INFO","author_link":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/author\/armando2\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":2387,"name":"Internacionales","slug":"internacionales","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2387,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":127,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0","cat_ID":2387,"category_count":127,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Internacionales","category_nicename":"internacionales","category_parent":0},{"term_id":2210,"name":"Investigacion","slug":"investigacion","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2210,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":670,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0","cat_ID":2210,"category_count":670,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Investigacion","category_nicename":"investigacion","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":521,"name":"Argentina","slug":"argentina","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":521,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":18,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"},{"term_id":40,"name":"Brasil","slug":"brasil","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":40,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":8,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"},{"term_id":686,"name":"LavaJato","slug":"lavajato","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":686,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":25,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"},{"term_id":684,"name":"Odebrecht","slug":"odebrecht","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":684,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":48,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"}],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-08-24 10:50:04","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"authors":[{"term_id":2314,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"matias-di-santi","display_name":"MAT\u00cdAS DI SANTI","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"","first_name":"","last_name":"","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""},{"term_id":2315,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"federico-poore","display_name":"FEDERICO POORE","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"","first_name":"","last_name":"","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/340","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/81"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=340"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/340\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=340"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=340"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=340"},{"taxonomy":"pais","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pais?post=340"},{"taxonomy":"serie","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/serie?post=340"},{"taxonomy":"localizacion","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/localizacion?post=340"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}