{"id":328,"date":"2017-07-06T15:34:58","date_gmt":"2017-07-06T15:34:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/armando.info\/?p=328"},"modified":"2017-07-06T15:34:58","modified_gmt":"2017-07-06T15:34:58","slug":"venezuelans-with-hiv-follow-bolivars-example-and-cross-the-andes-but-to-receive-treatment-in-peru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/venezuelans-with-hiv-follow-bolivars-example-and-cross-the-andes-but-to-receive-treatment-in-peru\/","title":{"rendered":"Venezuelans with HIV follow Bol\u00edvar's example and cross the Andes, but to receive treatment in Peru"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In \r\nSeptember 2016, Antonio went back home one afternoon without the anti-allergy \r\nhis wife needed. After walking long hours through empty pharmacies in San \r\nFernando, capital of the state of Apure (southwest plains), one thing was clear \r\nto him: both had to leave the country.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\nstress caused by the permanent shortage of food and medicines was undermining \r\ntheir defenses and their situation worsened because they both were HIV patients. \r\nIt was of paramount importance that they resumed their treatment, but in a \r\ncountry running short of antiretrovirals and common pills to treat a simple flu \r\nor an infection, waiting was as harmful as the disease itself. Little did they \r\nknow back then that their struggle to stay alive would take them a long way \r\naround three countries of South America to receive medical attention and to get \r\nthe vital drugs to control the AIDS virus. Peru \r\nturned out to be the final destination.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antonio \r\nand Pamela have lived in Lima with their young daughter for nine months. They \r\nsettled in a rented room north of the Peruvian capital because this was the only \r\ncountry where they could find employment to meet their basic expenses. \"We \r\nneeded to resume our therapies, but above all, we needed peace of mind. That \r\nhelped a lot to reduce our viral load\", says Antonio, a man of medium height and \r\nslow gestures, in a civil organization located in Lima that monitors the supply \r\nof antiretrovirals.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-_htAfkm-mr alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-_htAfkm-mr kb-gallery-caption-style-below kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-1.jpg\" data-description=\"Pamela and Antonio receive antiretroviral treatment in Lima after a trip in search of medical help that took them for Colombia and Ecuador Photo: Giancarlo Shibayama - OjoP\u00fablico\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-1.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-1.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-1.jpg\" data-id=\"51007\" class=\"wp-image-51007 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-1.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-1-700x466.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-1-1235x823.jpg 1235w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Pamela and Antonio receive antiretroviral treatment in Lima after a trip in search of medical help that took them for Colombia and Ecuador Photo: Giancarlo Shibayama - OjoP\u00fablico<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-2.jpg\" data-description=\"Pamela and Antonio receive antiretroviral treatment in Lima after a trip in search of medical help that took them for Colombia and Ecuador Photo: Giancarlo Shibayama - OjoP\u00fablico\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-2.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-2.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-2.jpg\" data-id=\"51008\" class=\"wp-image-51008 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-2.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-2-700x466.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-2-1235x823.jpg 1235w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Pamela and Antonio receive antiretroviral treatment in Lima after a trip in search of medical help that took them for Colombia and Ecuador Photo: Giancarlo Shibayama - OjoP\u00fablico<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-3.jpg\" data-description=\"Pamela and Antonio receive antiretroviral treatment in Lima after a trip in search of medical help that took them for Colombia and Ecuador Photo: Giancarlo Shibayama - OjoP\u00fablico\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-3.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-3.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-3.jpg\" data-id=\"51009\" class=\"wp-image-51009 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-3.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-3-700x466.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-3-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-3-1235x823.jpg 1235w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Pamela and Antonio receive antiretroviral treatment in Lima after a trip in search of medical help that took them for Colombia and Ecuador Photo: Giancarlo Shibayama - OjoP\u00fablico<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This \r\nfamily is part of a wave of 7,000 Venezuelans who, so far this year, obtained \r\npermits for a temporary stay enabled by the Peruvian government, according to \r\ndata from the National Superintendency of Migration. Although there are no \r\nofficial statistics on the specific number of people who came from Venezuela for \r\nhealth reasons, since November 2016, the NGO Anti-retroviral Medication \r\nSurveillance Group (GIVAR) has registered 20 cases of Venezuelans with HIV who \r\nmigrated to Peru specifically with the aim of resuming their therapies to \r\ncontrol this disease. \"People keep contacting us per e-mail asking us to help \r\nthem receive the medicines for free,\" explains Marlon Castillo, coordinator of \r\nthis group located in the district of San Mart\u00edn de Porres, north of \r\nLima.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In \r\nfact, Peru is not the first country Venezuelans think of when they migrate for \r\nhealth-related issues. The reason for this is simple geography: to reach this \r\ncountry by land, it is necessary to cross Colombia and Ecuador first. That is \r\nwhy those who migrate for treatment seek help in the Ecuadorian cities of Quito \r\nand Guayaquil, after a tiresome journey by land that crosses Colombia from \r\nC\u00facuta, in the Norte de Santander department, which borders Venezuela, and \r\nfinally reaches the border with Ecuador.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In \r\nEcuador, the procedures for foreign citizens to access health services and \r\nantiretroviral treatment free of charge are quick and simple: you just have to \r\npresent an identification card and medical history, in addition to attending to \r\nsome orientation talks. But the problem there was something else: \"We did not \r\nfind work in Ecuador and we ran out of money\", says Pamela, who was a teacher in \r\na public school in her country, but now works as a saleswoman in a clothing \r\nstore located in downtown Lima. Her husband, who was also a public employee, got \r\na job as an assistant in a flannel factory in the commercial center of Gamarra, \r\nin La Victoria district of the Peruvian capital.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before \r\nsettling in Peru, the couple received specialized treatment for a few weeks at \r\nthe Infectious Disesases Hospital of Guayaquil, the main port city of Ecuador. \r\nIn spite of this, the new migration policies enabled by the Government of \r\npresident Pedro Pablo Kuczynski made Peru a more appealing \r\nalternative.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-embed-script-Hj9rvn wp-block-lazyblock-embed-script\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/embed?pb=!1m28!1m12!1m3!1d16336860.412220057!2d-64.99440959237167!3d-1.4777807462419397!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!4m13!3e0!4m5!1s0x8e78812d0469f7b5%3A0x9f2752ab80a1cd1e!2sSan+Fernando+de+Apure%2C+Apure!3m2!1d7.8806888!2d-67.46953069999999!4m5!1s0x9105c850c05914f5%3A0xdb3e57ce9eb90b69!2zTGltYSwgUGVyw7o!3m2!1d-12.2720956!2d-76.2710833!5e0!3m2!1ses!2sve!4v1499306983100\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\" style=\"border:0\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Until \r\na few months ago, Venezuelans arriving in Peru were required to obtain a permit \r\nto stay as refugees, but in January 2017, the Peruvian government approved a \r\ntemporary residence permit only for citizens of that country. The document, \r\nwhich has a validity of one year, allows Venezuelans to study, work and receive \r\nhealth treatment even if they lack of a health insurance. \"This support is \r\nnamely humanitarian, because of the current situation in Venezuela. It is a \r\ntoken of gratitude for what they did when Peruvians were going through a time of \r\nterrorism\" says a spokesman for the National Superintendency of \r\nMigration.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Until \r\n2016, 2,666 citizens with a foreigner identity card were registered in the \r\nIntegral Health System (SIS), which allowed them to receive medical care as \r\ninsured. The case of Venezuelan migrants is different because many of them still \r\ndo not bear the card. \"This case is being studied to see how we can incorporate \r\nthem into insurance with a minimal contribution\", says Mar\u00eda Cecilia Lengua \r\nHinojosa, doctor in charge of risk management and evaluation of SIS \r\nbenefits.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreign \r\nHIV patients receive their medicines without having to pay for them, as \r\nantiretroviral treatment is universally accessible and free worldwide. However, \r\nthose who lack of health insurance in Peru must pay a fee for the clinical \r\ncheck-ups that can be assessed in the social welfare services of \r\nhospitals.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All \r\nthese advantages were listed in various groups created on Facebook by other \r\nVenezuelans to help them follow the route to Peru. The married couple Pamela and \r\nAntonio were convinced that this was an opportunity. They drove from the border \r\ntown of Huaquillas, Ecuador, heading for Zarumilla, Peru, spent a few days in \r\nTumbes, and then took an interprovincial bus that finally led them to Lima. \r\n\"Starting from scratch was difficult, but we were very lucky. Now we receive \r\ntreatment in San Jos\u00e9 del Callao hospital\", says Pamela, a 36-year-old woman in \r\na cheerful tone of voice and restless hands as she speaks.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-_zS1owT-sj alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-_zS1owT-sj kb-gallery-caption-style-below kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-4.jpg\" data-description=\"Thousands of patients are demanding on the streets the lack of medicines in Venezuela. Photo: StopVIH\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"728\" height=\"485\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-4.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-4.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-4.jpg\" data-id=\"51010\" class=\"wp-image-51010 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-4.jpg 728w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-4-700x466.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Thousands of patients are demanding on the streets the lack of medicines in Venezuela. Photo: StopVIH<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-5.jpg\" data-description=\"Venezuelan patients with HIV do not know if the shortage, which has left them without antiretrovirals for months, has made them resistant to medicines,because there is not the necessary reagents for tests Photo: StopVIH\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-5.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-5.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-5.jpg\" data-id=\"51011\" class=\"wp-image-51011 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-5.jpg 960w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-5-700x465.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-5-768x510.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Venezuelan patients with HIV do not know if the shortage, which has left them without antiretrovirals for months, has made them resistant to medicines,because there is not the necessary reagents for tests Photo: StopVIH<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">From awe to tragedy<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On \r\nthe afternoon of May 3, there was an outage in Caracas and activist Jonathan \r\nRodr\u00edguez, president of the StopVIH NGO, had no choice but to use his car \r\nbattery to recharge his cell phone and continue the interview he gave to the \r\nauthors of this report through a Whatsapp channel. \"There are people who die \r\nevery day because of the shortage of medicines and hospital supplies in \r\nVenezuela\", he wrote in distress. \"The government just gives them the cold \r\nshoulder\", he added.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\ngeneralized crisis of the country, in addition to an ongoing humanitarian \r\nemergency, brutally harasses the care system for HIV patients in Venezuela, once \r\nan admirable example of public health, even during the first stage of the \r\nself-proclaimed Bolivarian Revolution, when the country challenged global \r\npharmaceutical cartels and freely distributed ARV drugs imported from \r\nIndia.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But \r\nthat lasted the same as the oil&nbsp;<I>boom<\/I>. Since 2012, medicines have \r\nbecome scarce and now they are almost impossible to obtain. The virus spreads \r\nagain very quickly, more than 200,000 carriers survive in the country, which is \r\na rough estimation. The disease is once again claiming a great number of lives \r\nin Venezuela, going back to the early 80's, but with the aggravating \r\ncircumstance of the medical supplies shortage in hospitals, which hampers the \r\npatients from having palliative care and dignity in their agony.&nbsp;<a title=\"Toronto Globe and Mail\" href=\"https:\/\/beta.theglobeandmail.com\/news\/world\/in-venezuela-a-once-leading-aids-program-lies-inruins\/article35417359\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A \r\nnewspaper report from the&nbsp;<I>Toronto Globe and Mail<\/I><\/A>, \r\npublished in mid June,&nbsp; found in Venezuela a more dramatic situation than \r\nthat faced by African countries in the worst moments of the pandemic at the end \r\nof the last century.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rodr\u00edguez's \r\norganization has documented 66 severe episodes of shortages of 25 \r\nantiretrovirals since November 2009 so far. This situation has endangered the \r\nlives of more than 65,000 people with HIV who received the medicines from the \r\nState in order to survive. Many patients are at risk of developing \r\ndrug-resistant strains of HIV if they do not receive a timely treatment or \r\nabandon it, making their prognosis worse.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\"What \r\nis happening in Venezuela goes against all global efforts to control the \r\npandemic. The lack of sustainable ARV treatment in a country may translate into \r\ngrave consequences to the population: more weakened patients, more cases of \r\nnewly-infected people and more deads. Now, with the migratory problem, there is \r\nalso the risk of spreading drug-resistant strains of HIV outside Venezuelan \r\nborders, which will worsen the HIV situation in the world\", says Jes\u00fas Aguais, \r\ndirector of the civil organization Aid for Aids, based in \r\nU.S.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In \r\n2012, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) already warned that Venezuela \r\nwas the country with the greatest supply shortage of antiretrovirals in Latin \r\nAmerica, a situation that has become more acute in the last two years and now it \r\nis preventing the control of this disease. Available figures from UNAIDS show \r\nthat HIV\/AIDS-related deaths in this country have increased. \"In 1997, they did \r\nnot exceed a thousand; In 2015, reached 3,300 cases\", says Michela Polesana, \r\ncommunications officer for the United Nations agency for the region. This is not \r\nthe only problem: in Venezuela there are also 44,000 people infected with HIV \r\nwho are unaware of their condition and an average of 5,600 new patients add up \r\nevery year.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite \r\nthis bleak landscape, the Venezuelan Ministry of Health did not speed up virus \r\nprevention actions and purchase medicines to treat infected patients. In 2014, \r\nthe Government acknowledged that from the 30 HIV medicines on their purchase \r\nlist, only 14 were covered. Even less guaranteed the provisions of other \r\nessential drugs, such as anticoagulants and scar therapy \r\nproducts.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At \r\nthe beginning of 2017, the situation reached the limit: 90% of the high-cost \r\nmedicines, mostly antiretrovirals and oncological drugs weren't supplied to the \r\nhospitals' pharmacies in Venezuela. Imports of drugs are hampered because the \r\nstate does not have enough budget to cover them. According to data from the \r\npharmaceutical sector in Venezuela, since 2014 the Ministry of Health has had a \r\ndebt of 4,000 million dollars with supplier laboratories. In that same year, the \r\nPresident of the Venezuelan Pharmaceutical Federation (FFV), Freddy Ceballos, \r\nsaid that the regime would regain the trust of the sector if the 60% of the debt \r\nwas liquidated. But there is no indication that this condition has been \r\nfulfilled.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Health \r\nauthorities have purchased antiretrovirals through PAHO's Strategic Fund for \r\nMedicines in 2015 and 2016. However, Antonieta Caporale, one of the three \r\nministers for health that has been in charge in the last six months, said last \r\nApril that this year's acquisitions could not be made on time due to \r\nadministrative issues. \"We knew that the whole lot would cost about 12 million \r\ndollars and the government had not enough liquidity\", claims Alberto Nieves, \r\nfrom the NGO Civic Action Against HIV (ACCSI) in an interview for this \r\nreport.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-_fYqslQ-pO alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-_fYqslQ-pO kb-gallery-caption-style-below kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-6.jpg\" data-description=\"Several Venezuelan patients with HIV have contacted the GIVAR group by post to request advice on access to health services in Lima. Photo: OjoP\u00fablico\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"718\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-6.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-6.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-6.jpg\" data-id=\"51012\" class=\"wp-image-51012 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-6.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-6-700x393.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-6-768x431.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-6-1235x693.jpg 1235w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Several Venezuelan patients with HIV have contacted the GIVAR group by post to request advice on access to health services in Lima. Photo: OjoP\u00fablico<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-7.jpg\" data-description=\"Several Venezuelan patients with HIV have contacted the GIVAR group by post to request advice on access to health services in Lima. Photo: OjoP\u00fablico\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-7.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-7.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-7.jpg\" data-id=\"51013\" class=\"wp-image-51013 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-7.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-7-700x466.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-7-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-7-1235x823.jpg 1235w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Several Venezuelan patients with HIV have contacted the GIVAR group by post to request advice on access to health services in Lima. Photo: OjoP\u00fablico<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-8.jpg\" data-description=\"Several Venezuelan patients with HIV have contacted the GIVAR group by post to request advice on access to health services in Lima. Photo: OjoP\u00fablico\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-8.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-8.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-8.jpg\" data-id=\"51014\" class=\"wp-image-51014 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-8.jpg 720w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/06072017-8-700x467.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Several Venezuelan patients with HIV have contacted the GIVAR group by post to request advice on access to health services in Lima. Photo: OjoP\u00fablico<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dangerous resistances<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When \r\nElvis Ortu\u00f1o left Valencia, the capital of the state of Carabobo and the main \r\ncenter of light industry in Venezuela, he had to leave behind his family, his \r\nsignificant other and his final year of college in Education. It was March 2016, \r\nhe had found out that antiretrovirals were not guaranteed for the next few \r\nmonths and he feared for his life. In that moment, Elvis was still trying to \r\nassimilate the news that he was infected with HIV which they gave him barely one \r\nmonth earlier, and viral load tests warned that his CD4 values (a type of cell \r\nthat helps fight infection) were below normal. \"If I stayed, I would have been \r\nin risk of generating resistance to the treatment and would be unable to fight \r\nthe virus,\" explains the 35-year-old who now lives in the northern city of \r\nTrujillo.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote alignleft\"><blockquote><p>\"They got us off the bus and checked our luggage\"<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Like \r\nmany of his fellow countrymen, Elvis Ortu\u00f1o explored on the internet the \r\nmigration alternatives he had and embarked on a ground trip to Guayaquil, \r\nEcuador. The road trip was not easy. He had been warned that he would undergo \r\ncontinuous inspections of National Guard officers in La Caramuca's alcabala, in \r\nthe state of Barinas -the birthplace of Commander Hugo Ch\u00e1vez and his family, \r\nwho had given it three governors in a row-, before continuing the route to his \r\ndestination. \"They got us off the bus and checked our luggage. I could see that \r\nthey took away two passengers who supposedly carried illegal merchandise, but \r\nthe reports that the guards themselves are planting things in your luggage are \r\nconstant\", he narrates.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elvis' \r\nproblem began in the Colombian migratory post to reach the city of C\u00facuta from \r\nSan Antonio del T\u00e1chira, in Venezuela. There, the officers prevented him from \r\ncontinuing his journey. The only way to let him pass was to show an air ticket \r\nback to his country, as evidence that he would not stay in Colombia. For a day \r\nand a half he looked for alternatives to cross the border: he begged the police \r\nfor hours and asked a doctor to provide him with a travel certificate for health \r\nreasons, but none of that worked. Only when he showed the reservation of the \r\nplane ticket that had been issued to him by an Ecuadorian travel agency that he \r\ncontacted by telephone, his passport was sealed and crossed the \r\nborder.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote alignleft\"><blockquote><p>\"I knew that as I passed the Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar International Bridge my life was about to change\"<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\"I \r\nknew that as I passed the Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar International Bridge (<I>Editor's Note: \r\nover the T\u00e1chira River, border between Venezuela and Colombia<\/I>) my life was \r\nabout to change. It was like a sign of hope\", he says. At the time, Elvis Ortu\u00f1o \r\nhad just $120 in his pocket, his last antiretroviral kit that would cover his \r\ntherapy for one month and a small suitcase with clothes. The next step was \r\ntaking the bus from Colombia to Ecuador.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After \r\n36 hours of travel, the thin brown-skinned young Venezuelan arrived at the \r\nInternational Bridge of Rumichaca, where he entered Ecuador. His exodus was due \r\nto end at the Infectology Hospital of Guayaquil, so he had to make more \r\nconnections with interprovincial transportation services to cross Ecuadorian \r\nterritory and fulfill his objective. In that health service he received the \r\nattention he was hoping for: he was given the antiretrovirals just by showing \r\nhis medical history and he had no problem accessing the medical check-ups for \r\nfree. A predicament arose when seven months later, he couldn't be able to find a \r\njob to sustain himself. He then researched a second destination option online \r\nand communicated by mail with the GIVAR group to help him receive antiretroviral \r\ntreatment in Peru.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In \r\nOctober 2016, Elvis Ortu\u00f1o crossed another border but this time he was confident \r\nthat he would get treated better. He did not arrive to Lima, he stayed in the \r\ncity of Trujillo instead, in northern Peru, where he was able to join the free \r\nantiretroviral treatment program at the Bel\u00e9n Hospital and he was employed as a \r\nwaiter in a restaurant. Now he feels calm, because his clinical tests show that \r\nhe has not become resistant to the medicines, even though he had to interrupt \r\nhis therapy sometimes.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote alignleft\"><blockquote><p>If a patient with HIV stops taking their medication when they are between the sixth and ninth month of therapy, their viral load will increase and the drug will stop working\"<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, \r\nthis anguish is experienced by thousands of infected countrymen that still \r\nremain in Venezuela. \"If a patient with HIV stops taking their medication when \r\nthey are between the sixth and ninth month of therapy, their viral load will \r\nincrease and the drug will stop working. If there are many patients who are in \r\nthis situation, obviously the epidemic will be out of control\", explains Dr. \r\nEduardo S\u00e1nchez Vergaray, president of the Peruvian Society of Infectious \r\nDiseases (SPEIT).<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This \r\nyear alone, five episodes of antiretroviral shortage have occurred in Venezuela: \r\nsince January there is no Zidovudine in children's syrup and since February \r\nthere are no reserves of Complera, a tablet containing rilpivirine, \r\nemtricitabine and tenofovir. The situation is so serious that this country no \r\nlonger has reliable epidemiological data because there are no reagents for the \r\nclinical evaluations. \"We do not know how we are\", states Elia S\u00e1nchez, \r\ninfectologist and former president of the Venezuelan Society of \r\nEpidemiology.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dr. \r\nS\u00e1nchez says there is little possibility of correctly measuring the resistance \r\nlevels of HIV patients because there are no medical supplies to undergo the \r\ntests. It has been three years since the last genotype test was done in this \r\npopulation and for six months there have been no reagents for viral load \r\nanalysis that every patient should get done every three to four \r\nmonths.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HIV \r\nwas one of the diseases to which the Venezuelan State dedicated the largest \r\nbudget since the national program to control the epidemic was created in 1999. \r\nHowever, nowadays the Ministry of Health does not give priority to it. \"The \r\ntreatment regimens are composed of old medicines. The country does not have \r\nmodern therapies because they are very expensive\", claims \r\nS\u00e1nchez.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"lazyblock-embed-script-t3EAHF wp-block-lazyblock-embed-script\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/embed?pb=!1m28!1m12!1m3!1d4070102.9530212795!2d-79.46744897309347!3d-4.9877827077665975!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!4m13!3e0!4m5!1s0x902d13cbe855805f%3A0x8015a492f4fca473!2sGuayaquil%2C+Guayas%2C+Ecuador!3m2!1d-2.1709978999999997!2d-79.9223592!4m5!1s0x91ad3d7fe3fae92d%3A0xd3bc7d125d4e8508!2sTrujillo%2C+La+Libertad%2C+Per%C3%BA!3m2!1d-8.1090524!2d-79.0215336!5e0!3m2!1ses!2sve!4v1499309711090\" style=\"border:0\" allowfullscreen=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Retained Donations<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In \r\nVenezuela, the State is the sole responsible for importing medicines to supply \r\npharmacies and there are two non-governmental organizations that have a drug \r\nbank sustained by donations: Caritas Venezuela and the Coalition of \r\nOrganizations for the Right to Health and Life (Codevida), through the program \r\nMinority Action of Venezuelans, which is supplied by donations sent by \r\ncompatriots abroad. However, shipments are increasingly restricted and limited. \r\nAlberto Nieves, of the NGO Solidarity Action Against HIV, denounces that he has \r\nwitnessed how the authorities have retained lots of medicines that have been \r\nbrought from abroad and were not distributed to the \r\nbeneficiaries.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote alignleft\"><blockquote><p>The Government placed incomprehensible restrictions for the entry of these lots of medicines<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In \r\naddition, in 2016, Caritas International tried to send 75,000 units of essential \r\nmedicines, but authorities seized the cargo at the airport. According to \r\nspokespersons of this organization that were contacted for this report, the \r\nGovernment placed incomprehensible restrictions for the entry of these lots of \r\nmedicines.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although \r\nin Caracas part of the population of patients with HIV survives with the last \r\nreserves of medicines of the Ministry of Health, they do not arrive at urban \r\ncenters of province like Valencia, Maracaibo and Barquisimeto, where cases of \r\nchildren and adults have been reported with more than four months without \r\nantiretroviral therapy. For this reason, more and more people like Antonio, \r\nPamela and Elvis decide to make a long journey through Latin America to get the \r\ndrugs and save their lives.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Health \r\nservices in Colombia, the Dominican Republic and Panama have also reported \r\ngroups of Venezuelans with HIV who have been admitted to their free \r\nantiretroviral therapy programs in the past two years. There are no data \r\navailable on the specific number of migrants with this health condition, but the \r\nexodus of patients worries some NGOs in Venezuela because they fear that the \r\nhealth systems of other countries will see their budgets and medicines reserves \r\naffected. In the Dominican Republic, for example, the cost of care for foreign \r\npatients with HIV was estimated at $1.4 millions in 2016. The majority of those \r\nattended were Haitians and Venezuelans. \"This situation would be avoided if the \r\ngovernment recognized the serious public health problem that we have and \r\naccepted international humanitarian aid without complications\", declares Alberto \r\nNieves, of Solidarity Action Against HIV.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In \r\nMay, the widespread shortage of medicines triggered a massive march of patients \r\nand health professionals in Caracas, who resisted the tear gas and the National \r\nGuard crackdown that tried unsuccessfully to prevent them from reaching the \r\nMinistry of Health. The sick people who took to the streets had a motto: \"If we \r\ndo not go out, we still die because of the lack of medicines\".<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(*) \r\nReport prepared especially for Armando.info by the website Ojo P\u00fablico, of Lima, \r\nPeru, within the framework of The Big Pharma \r\nProject.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wps-pgfw-pdf-generate-icon__wrapper-frontend pgfw-icon-display pgfw-icon-display--default\" style=\"--pgfw-icon-justify:center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328\/?action=genpdf&#038;id=328\" class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button pgfw-single-pdf-download-button--default pgfw-single-pdf-download-button--icon-only\" title=\"Generate PDF\" style=\"--pgfw-icon-width:25px;--pgfw-icon-height:45px;\" aria-label=\"Download PDF\"><span class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button__media\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><img src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-generator-for-wp\/admin\/src\/images\/PDF_Tray.svg\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The country with the largest oil reserve in the hemisphere neglects its people with HIV-positive and lets them die. Since 2012, medicines are scarce and the pandemic is spreading unabated in Venezuela. That is why dozens of patients have embarked on a 4,000-kilometer epic journey in order to save their lives and reach for the promised land where they will find both employment and health.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":51015,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","ghostkit_customizer_options":"","ghostkit_custom_css":"","ghostkit_custom_js_head":"","ghostkit_custom_js_foot":"","ghostkit_typography":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2387,2210],"tags":[172,372,1767,254],"pais":[4216],"serie":[],"localizacion":[4227],"ppma_author":[2288,2289],"class_list":["post-328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internacionales","category-investigacion","tag-escasez","tag-medicamentos","tag-peru","tag-vih","pais-venezuela-en"],"acf":{"reportage-top-html":""},"views":1695,"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":2387,"label":"Internacionales"},{"value":2210,"label":"Investigacion"}],"post_tag":[{"value":172,"label":"Escasez"},{"value":372,"label":"Medicamentos"},{"value":1767,"label":"Per\u00fa"},{"value":254,"label":"VIH"}],"pais":[{"value":4216,"label":"Venezuela"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/portada-VIH-PERU.png",1920,784,false],"author_info":{"display_name":"ARMANDO.INFO","author_link":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/author\/armando2\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":2387,"name":"Internacionales","slug":"internacionales","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2387,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":127,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0","cat_ID":2387,"category_count":127,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Internacionales","category_nicename":"internacionales","category_parent":0},{"term_id":2210,"name":"Investigacion","slug":"investigacion","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2210,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":670,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0","cat_ID":2210,"category_count":670,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Investigacion","category_nicename":"investigacion","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":172,"name":"Escasez","slug":"escasez","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":172,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":14,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"},{"term_id":372,"name":"Medicamentos","slug":"medicamentos","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":372,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":13,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"},{"term_id":1767,"name":"Per\u00fa","slug":"peru","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1767,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":6,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"},{"term_id":254,"name":"VIH","slug":"vih","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":254,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":9,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"}],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-06-24 17:01:23","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"authors":[{"term_id":2288,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"fabiola-torres","display_name":"FABIOLA TORRES","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""},{"term_id":2289,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"mayte-ciriaco","display_name":"MAYT\u00c9 CIRIACO","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/81"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=328"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=328"},{"taxonomy":"pais","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pais?post=328"},{"taxonomy":"serie","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/serie?post=328"},{"taxonomy":"localizacion","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/localizacion?post=328"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}