{"id":2463,"date":"2016-12-18T15:18:02","date_gmt":"2016-12-18T15:18:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/armando.info\/?p=2463"},"modified":"2016-12-18T15:18:02","modified_gmt":"2016-12-18T15:18:02","slug":"the-venezuelan-cuatro-made-in-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/the-venezuelan-cuatro-made-in-china\/","title":{"rendered":"The Venezuelan Cuatro Made in China"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><I>Yo \r\nnac\u00ed en esta ribera del Arauca vibrador\u2026 <\/I>(I \r\nwas born on this bank of the vibrating Arauca \r\nRiver)<I><\/I><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\nVenezuelan <I>cuatro<\/I> sounds different. Extolled by the qualification of \r\n\"National Cultural Heritage\" by the government of President Nicol\u00e1s Maduro in \r\n2013, it suffered in parallel the contempt of the authorities, who chose to have \r\nthis four-stringed small guitar for the children of the Alma Llanera project of \r\nVenezuela\u2019s National System of Children and Youth Orchestras (Fesnojiv) built in \r\nChina.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For \r\nthree years, it has been an open secret, but even today, one reacts with \r\nastonishment and some embarrassment in the corridors of the \"system\"\u2014as the \r\nproject founded in 1975 by maestro Jos\u00e9 Antonio Abreu is commonly known\u2014when you \r\nask about the <I>cuatros<\/I> manufactured in China. \"I have seen few, the ones \r\nin the center for children,\" replies with fear a luthier in one of the 440 seats \r\nof Fesnojiv.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\nfigures rather confirm that there are thousands of <I>cuatros<\/I> imported from \r\nChina by the Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar Musical Foundation (Fundamusical), an entity created \r\nin 2011 and attached from its birth to the Ministry for Presidential Affairs and \r\nAdministration to govern Fesnojiv.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-_Usrlf3-2Z alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-_Usrlf3-2Z kb-gallery-caption-style-below kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-1.jpg\" data-description=\"Children of the Alma Llanera project - Photo courtesy of Fundamusical\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"899\" height=\"599\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-1.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-1.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-1.jpg\" data-id=\"52432\" class=\"wp-image-52432 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-1.jpg 899w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-1-700x466.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 899px) 100vw, 899px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Children of the Alma Llanera project - Photo courtesy of Fundamusical<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-2.jpg\" data-description=\"One of the imported instruments for the Alma Llanera project\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"581\" height=\"1032\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-2.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-2.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-2.jpg\" data-id=\"52433\" class=\"wp-image-52433 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">One of the imported instruments for the Alma Llanera project<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fundamusical \r\nused 11.7 million dollars from money financed to the system of orchestras of the \r\nUnited Nations Development Program (UNDP) to import 31,465 native musical \r\ninstruments like the <I>cuatro<\/I>, according to figures from the multilateral \r\norganization. Hugo Ch\u00e1vez, who frequently played <I>llanera<\/I> music (music \r\nfrom the Venezuelan plains) in his marathon television broadcasts, gave in 2012 \r\na great compliment to the Alma Llanera project by allocating over 395 million \r\nbolivars to \"strengthen\" the plan and help it achieve \"expansion throughout the \r\nnational territory.\" Ch\u00e1vez, who was born in the state of Barinas, in the plains \r\nof the center west of the country, wanted to include the teaching of Venezuelan \r\ntraditional music in the model of maestro Abreu.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\ninitial goal was to incorporate 41,170 children into the project. But the \r\n<I>cuatros<\/I> to be distributed since November 2013 among new musicians did not \r\narrive from Carora, a town in the state of Lara, known for its tradition in the \r\nmanufacturing of the instrument, but from \r\nChina.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Year of the Cuatro\u2026 in China<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Year \r\n2013 could be the year of the Venezuelan <I>cuatro<\/I>, but ended up being the \r\nChinese <I>cuatro<\/I>. \"Once again the Bolivarian Government extolled the \r\nVenezuelan cultural heritage, because on Tuesday, April 9, the <I>Cuatro<\/I> was \r\ndeclared a<a title=\"Cuatro Patrimonio Cultural\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mincultura.gob.ve\/index.php\/prensa\/11-prensaweb\/actualidad\/2896-el-cuatro-es-declarado-patrimonio-cultural-de-la-nacion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&nbsp;Cultural Heritage of the Nation<\/A>,\u201d \r\ninformed the Institute of Cultural Heritage (IPC), attached to the Ministry of \r\nCulture, in a press release of April 2013, one month after the death of Hugo \r\nCh\u00e1vez.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Precisely \r\nfour were the reasons that the entity considered to elevate this instrument that \r\noften adorns the walls of some homes, the origin of which goes back to the \r\n\"Renaissance Guitarrilla\" brought by the Spaniards to Venezuela in the \r\n16th century to the status of cultural symbol. First, that the \r\n<I>cuatro<\/I> is an instrument that \"is played almost in the totality of the \r\nVenezuelan folkloric musical genres;\" second, that the \"Venezuelan population \r\nhas sentimentally conferred the <I>cuatro<\/I> the rank of national instrument;\" \r\nthird, that the <I>cuatro<\/I> \"provides and grants Venezuelan identity to the \r\ndiversity of genres and musical expressions;\" and fourth, that the \r\n<I>cuatro<\/I>, unlike other Venezuelan instruments, is the one with \" the most \r\ndesigns, manuals, methods and guides.\" That justification was not useful to \r\nprevent that a government agency almost simultaneously ordered the manufacture \r\nand importation of the <I>cuatro<\/I> from China.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-embed-handler wp-block-embed-embed-handler wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ministro Fidel Barbarito fiscaliza tienda Allegro de Chaca\u00edto\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rmKhQVcN00Q?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t \n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nor \r\ndid it avoid the astonishment that in November 2013, two senior officials of the \r\ngovernment of Nicol\u00e1s Maduro showed when, in the midst of the wave of audits to \r\nprivate stores, named \"Dakazo\", they ran into the sale of Chinese <I>cuatros<\/I> \r\nin Allegro, a retail chain of musical instruments. \"We have a <I>cuatro \r\n<\/I>imported from China, whose original value is 12 dollars (...) Even if it is \r\nmade abroad, it is still symbolically ours,\" warned the then Minister of Culture \r\nFidel Barbarito in front of the television cameras and after stopping at the \r\n\"speculation\" margins.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\nindignation of the official did not stop there. \"It is an usurpation, a robbery \r\nnot only of the economic rights , but of the cultural rights of our people,\" \r\nBarbarito continued, while highlighting the \"productive capacity of development\" \r\nthat Venezuelan luthiers had, as well as knowledge passed from \"generation to \r\ngeneration\" in families dedicated to that musical instrument \"that precisely the \r\nBolivarian revolution has declared a national cultural heritage.\" \"These things \r\nshake us for the insensitivity, the tragedy that means for so many families to \r\nstop producing the good with which they have lived and raised their children and \r\ntheir families, and there are entire towns in the Bolivarian Venezuela, the \r\nVenezuela of Ch\u00e1vez, that are engaged in the manufacturing of this instrument,\" \r\nhe said.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\nthen Vice President of the Republic, Jorge Arreaza, joined the complaint about \r\nthe finding of <I>cuatros<\/I> made in China. \"This should teach us, from the \r\nGovernment, from the State (...) that a productive process should be deployed \r\nthroughout the country to build our instruments and also no native instruments \r\nfor our classical music orchestra. We have to go there, these are reality \r\nlessons.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But \r\nreality and business prevailed. The alarm of Barbarito and Arreaza sounded late. \r\nAlready thousands of native stringed instruments like the <I>cuatro<\/I> or the \r\nmandolin came in ships from China to Venezuela, bought by \r\nFundamusical.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-_qVIW9P-UG alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-_qVIW9P-UG kb-gallery-caption-style-below kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-3.png\" data-description=\"..\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-3.png\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-3.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-3.png\" data-id=\"52434\" class=\"wp-image-52434 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">..<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-4.png\" data-description=\"..\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-4.png\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-4.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-4.png\" data-id=\"52435\" class=\"wp-image-52435 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">..<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-5.png\" data-description=\"..\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-5.png\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-5.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-5.png\" data-id=\"52436\" class=\"wp-image-52436 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">..<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Four-String Business<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\ndetails of the business between Fundamusical and several companies are known \r\nthanks to an audit of the firm Deloitte, which includes the \"combined statement \r\nof expenses.\" In 2014 statement, it can be seen that of the 11.7 million dollars \r\nallocated to purchase the 31,465 instruments for the Alma Llanera project, \r\nalmost 3 million dollars were used to acquire around 17 thousand Chinese \r\n<I>cuatros<\/I>.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\"They \r\nwanted the <I>cuatros<\/I> for the following month and nobody here has that \r\ncapacity. The first batch was for 12 thousand <I>cuatros<\/I>,\" recalls a \r\nbusinessman who participated in the bidding process. The source adds that the \r\nChinese, who had no idea how the instrument was made, were instructed by \r\nFundamusical to carry out the commission of the Bolivarian \r\ngovernment.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Taixing \r\nFeng Ling Violin Manufacture was one of the benefited companies. Fundamusical \r\nawarded it a contract of just over $ 2,060,800, according to the website of the \r\nUNDP Venezuela. The auditors' report shows that almost all of it was used to \r\npurchase 11,688 <I>cuatros<\/I> -of different models- valued at 1,966,960 \r\ndollars. So Venezuela paid 168.2 dollars for each small guitar, more than double \r\nof the price per unit that scandalized Minister Barbarito in 2013. The \r\ninstruments were acquired between June 9 and October 17, \r\n2014.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That \r\nwas not the only company that sent <I>cuatros<\/I> for Fundamusical. Another five \r\nthousand arrived with the seal of Ideal Music Corp, a company registered in \r\nPanama in 2007 and related to the Venezuelan Ideal Music Venezuela C.A., \r\nregistered in Caracas in 1999. In both companies, Reinaldo Jos\u00e9 Vivas, Sara \r\nPineda de Vivas, Luis Edgardo Vivas D\u00edaz and Reinaldo Andr\u00e9s Vivas Pineda appear \r\nas owners or directors.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-_WQyv6Y-Xv alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-_WQyv6Y-Xv kb-gallery-caption-style-below kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-6.jpg\" data-description=\"Imported instruments for Fundamusical - Photo: Roberto Deniz\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1032\" height=\"581\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-6.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-6.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-6.jpg\" data-id=\"52437\" class=\"wp-image-52437 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-6.jpg 1032w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-6-700x394.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-6-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1032px) 100vw, 1032px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Imported instruments for Fundamusical - Photo: Roberto Deniz<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-7.jpg\" data-description=\"Imported instruments for Fundamusical - Photo: Roberto Deniz\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"581\" height=\"1032\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-7.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-7.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-7.jpg\" data-id=\"52438\" class=\"wp-image-52438 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Imported instruments for Fundamusical - Photo: Roberto Deniz<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-8.jpg\" data-description=\"Imported instruments for Fundamusical - Photo: Roberto Deniz\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"581\" height=\"1032\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-8.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-8.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-8.jpg\" data-id=\"52439\" class=\"wp-image-52439 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Imported instruments for Fundamusical - Photo: Roberto Deniz<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-9.jpg\" data-description=\"Imported instruments for Fundamusical - Photo: Roberto Deniz\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"581\" height=\"1032\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-9.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-9.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-9.jpg\" data-id=\"52440\" class=\"wp-image-52440 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Imported instruments for Fundamusical - Photo: Roberto Deniz<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-10.jpg\" data-description=\"Imported instruments for Fundamusical - Photo: Roberto Deniz\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"581\" height=\"1032\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-10.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-10.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-10.jpg\" data-id=\"52441\" class=\"wp-image-52441 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Imported instruments for Fundamusical - Photo: Roberto Deniz<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-11.jpg\" data-description=\"Imported instruments for Fundamusical - Photo: Roberto Deniz\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1032\" height=\"581\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-11.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-11.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-11.jpg\" data-id=\"52442\" class=\"wp-image-52442 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-11.jpg 1032w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-11-700x394.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-11-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1032px) 100vw, 1032px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Imported instruments for Fundamusical - Photo: Roberto Deniz<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\nfigures of the UNDP Venezuela show that Ideal Music Corp was awarded a contract \r\nfor 1,048,790 dollars. Of this total, 799 thousand dollars correspond to the \r\npayment of five thousand <I>cuatros<\/I>, acquired on November 20, 2012, which \r\nrepresents an average of 159.8 dollars per unit. Although it is a company with \r\nprincipal office in Panama, the company ordered Chinese factories to manufacture \r\nthe instruments that would then be marketed under the Ideal Music brand. \"They \r\nplace the order to the factories, tell them how to do it and then use their \r\nbrand,\" explains a source linked to the music industry. The auditors' report \r\nshows that Ideal Music Corp also sold timbales, bongos and mandolins to \r\nFundamusical.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Based \r\non information from the&nbsp;<a title=\"RNC Ideal Music\" href=\"http:\/\/rncenlinea.snc.gob.ve\/planilla\/index\/418729?anafinanpub=Y&amp;mostrar=INF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Register of Contractors (RNC)<\/A>, this was not the first time that the group benefits from a \r\ncontract. In 2010, Venezuelan company Ideal Music Venezuela C.A. closed deals \r\nwith the system of orchestras, the Vice Presidency of the Republic and the \r\n\"Foundation for the State of Youth Orchestras of Venezuela\", among other \r\norganizations, for the supply of xylophones, cellos, violins and double basses, \r\namong other instruments. The company did not respond to the interview requests \r\nfor this report.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ossia \r\nMusic Corp, another company registered in the isthmus, was in charge of \r\nsupplying Fundamusical with \"small drums\", mandolins, mandolas, guitars, congas \r\nand claves for a value of 2,657,393 US dollars. Like Ideal Music Corp, Ossia \r\nMusic has a subsidiary in Venezuela, created in 2011 but unable to enter into \r\ncontracts with the State, according to the RNC. The rest of the allocation was \r\nawarded between Yamaha Music Latin America, Buffet Crampon, Schagerl and company \r\nEastman String.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A \r\n\"memorandum of observations and recommendations\" issued by the auditors to the \r\nUNDP Venezuela plan with Fundamusical, after evaluating the 2013 fiscal year, \r\nreveals some administrative irregularities. \"Better financial-budgetary \r\nmanagement or control is necessary, since it is evident that unplanned purchases \r\nwere made using the budget, in the case of the Alma Llanera component, acquiring \r\n20,000 more units than planned,\" the report reads.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sources \r\nconsulted argue that the average price of 168.2 dollars for the Feng Ling \r\n<I>cuatros<\/I>, and the 159.8 dollars for those of Ideal Music Corp are high. \r\nFundamusical did not respond to the interview request for this report \r\neither.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In \r\nthe&nbsp;<a title=\"Alibaba.com\" href=\"http:\/\/www.alibaba.com\/product-detail\/Handmade-Acoustic-Cuatro-4-string-All_723467385.html?spm=a2700.7735675.35.1.2M9kwu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AliBaba.com<\/A>&nbsp;portal, \r\nthe <I>cuatro<\/I> manufactured in China is below those prices, while those \r\nhandmade by Venezuelan luthiers range between 130 and 190 dollars. In music \r\nstores in Caracas, the Venezuelan <I>cuatros<\/I> range between 20 thousand and \r\n600 thousand bolivars.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\"You \r\ncan acquire high quality instruments in Venezuela. To me, it seems odd that a \r\ncompany in Venezuela is willingly buying instruments in China,\" says Adriann \r\nMoya, executive director of the tucuatro.com portal, dedicated to the promotion \r\nof the instrument, as well as Venezuelan luthiers.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-_TiLWb1-gY alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-_TiLWb1-gY kb-gallery-caption-style-below kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-12.jpg\" data-description=\"Ideal Music Corp RNC screenshot\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"1384\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-12.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-12.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-12.jpg\" data-id=\"52443\" class=\"wp-image-52443 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-12.jpg 866w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-12-700x1119.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-12-768x1227.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Ideal Music Corp RNC screenshot<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-13.jpg\" data-description=\"Screenshot of a manufacturer of Cuatros in China on the Alibaba.com portal\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"945\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-13.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-13.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-13.jpg\" data-id=\"52444\" class=\"wp-image-52444 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-13.jpg 945w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-13-700x667.jpg 700w, https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-13-768x731.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 945px) 100vw, 945px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Screenshot of a manufacturer of Cuatros in China on the Alibaba.com portal<\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Critics Reverberate<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some \r\nmanufacturers have also questioned the importation by Fundamusical. When the \r\nchords of the Chinese <I>cuatro<\/I> began to be heard, there was even a public \r\ncondemnation of the business. \"We denounce the irrational purchase abroad of \r\nmusical instruments currently considered part of our heritage, against public \r\npolicies to protect artisan production, to the detriment of family and local \r\neconomies that are generated around this traditional trade. They bend us, they \r\nbreak us, they disrespect us with actions that go against national sovereignty,\" \r\ncomplained the artisans in a statement after a congress held in August 2013 in \r\nTunapuy, on the Paria peninsula, state of Sucre (eastern \r\nVenezuela).<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alexander \r\nParedes, Venezuelan luthier and member of the Network of Sound Builders, \r\nsponsored by the Ministry of Culture, also launched criticism in 2013. \"I have \r\nseen three or four that look a lot like Venezuelan <I>cuatros<\/I>, but they do \r\nnot sound like them\", he declared to the daily newspaper <I>Correo Del \r\nOrinoco<\/I>.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three \r\nyears later, Paredes sustains his opinion. \"They have been improving, but I \r\nthink that has to be stopped. It does not sound Venezuelan. It can be a matter \r\nof habit of hearing,\" he says. Although he considers that the process of \r\nimporting <I>cuatros <\/I>&nbsp;\"cannot be \r\nprohibited or stopped\" and that \"China is supporting the country\", he warns that \r\nthe Government must \"pay attention to the artisanal sector; otherwise, it will \r\ndisappear.\"<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote alignleft\"><blockquote><p>Other luthiers confirm the warning. Impossibility to buy imported woods, strings, pegs or lacquers<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other \r\nluthiers confirm the warning. Impossibility to buy imported woods, strings, pegs \r\nor lacquers due to the currency distortion that prevails in Venezuela, scarcity \r\nof national woods like cedar, mahogany or oak, some of them only available \r\nthrough the illegal market or smuggling, are just a few of the obstacles they \r\nface. \"We work with bare hands, it is very difficult to obtain the raw \r\nmaterial\", recognizes Edgar Ram\u00edrez Roa, luthier of the state of T\u00e1chira, \r\nrecognized by several professional musicians.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ram\u00edrez \r\nRoa is aware that there is no infrastructure in Venezuela to quickly build \r\nthousands of <I>cuatros,<\/I> as the system of orchestras may demand, but he \r\nsuspects that the massive importation of <I>cuatros<\/I> is a consequence of the \r\n\"haste to give everyone access the instrument without thinking about \r\nquality.\"<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cosme \r\nL\u00f3pez, another renowned Venezuelan luthier, agrees with Ram\u00edrez Roa as to the \r\ncurrent obstacles to develop his trade. \"If the State had resorted to me, I \r\nwould not have been able to respond to that demand, but there are people who are \r\ncapable,\" he says of the purchases made to Chinese \r\ncompanies.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\"The \r\nState does not support the sector. There is no entity that presents the \r\npresident how it should be,\" insists Paredes. President Maduro announced in 2014 \r\nthat a musical instrument factory would be installed in Venezuela to meet the \r\ndemand of the system of orchestras with the support of China. \"It is a \r\nrequirement we must meet, to combine the quality and patience used by artisans \r\nto manufacture <I>cuatros<\/I>, guitars, drums and maracas with which they \r\nnurtured our culture (...) Resources are already approved. It will be a national \r\ncompany with Venezuelan-Chinese capital,\" the president said two years ago in \r\nOctober.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Last \r\nyear, Maduro repeated the idea while handing out musical instruments to children \r\nof the state of Vargas. \"We are setting up the instrument factory here, so that \r\nwe have an instrument factory, the most cutting-edge possible,\" he said. He also \r\nexhorted artisans to participate in the project. \"I think we could do some sort \r\nof a central artisan fair, call them soon. I offer all the support through the \r\nVice President of the Social Area. We have to set up a powerful industry of \r\nmusical instruments in Venezuela. We are making a big investment with People's \r\nRepublic of China. We have everything here, we have wood, we do not need \r\nanything, we also have love and we want to do it for all the instruments we give \r\nto our orchestra to be made in Venezuela.\"<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Currently, \r\nthe luthiers do not know anything about that pharaonic project that the \r\npresident offered a year ago. Perhaps at that time, the President of the \r\nRepublic did not know that the <I>cuatros<\/I> he gave to several children were \r\nmade in China. \"Here is your beautiful <I>cuatro<\/I>,\" he told Genesis, a girl \r\nwho must be learning Venezuelan music with an imported \r\n<I>cuatro<\/I>.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-embed-handler wp-block-embed-embed-handler wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Maduro entrega instrumentos en el Sistema Nacional de Orquetas\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/taiV1RLXVbU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t \n<div class=\"wps-pgfw-pdf-generate-icon__wrapper-frontend pgfw-icon-display pgfw-icon-display--default\" style=\"--pgfw-icon-justify:center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2463\/?action=genpdf&#038;id=2463\" class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button pgfw-single-pdf-download-button--default pgfw-single-pdf-download-button--icon-only\" title=\"Generate PDF\" style=\"--pgfw-icon-width:25px;--pgfw-icon-height:45px;\" aria-label=\"Download PDF\"><span class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button__media\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><img src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-generator-for-wp\/admin\/src\/images\/PDF_Tray.svg\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Government of Nicol\u00e1s Maduro gave China the large-scale manufacture of the Venezuelan cuatro (four in English, as it has four strings). The policy of mass production of the instrument, with the purpose of adding it to the well-known National System of Children and Youth Orchestras, created by Jos\u00e9 Antonio Abreu, has prevailed over the quality entailed in its handcrafted frame. It is not, as it seems, just a cultural resignation or a contradiction with the nationalist discourse of the historical comrades of the self-styled Bolivarian revolution. Each unit manufactured in the Far East is a business for importers and ends up costing almost the same as the guitar manufactured in the country.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":52445,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","ghostkit_customizer_options":"","ghostkit_custom_css":"","ghostkit_custom_js_head":"","ghostkit_custom_js_foot":"","ghostkit_typography":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2387,2210],"tags":[132,1841],"pais":[4216],"serie":[],"localizacion":[4227],"ppma_author":[2377],"class_list":["post-2463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internacionales","category-investigacion","tag-china","tag-ingles","pais-venezuela-en"],"acf":{"reportage-top-html":""},"views":2594,"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":2387,"label":"Internacionales"},{"value":2210,"label":"Investigacion"}],"post_tag":[{"value":132,"label":"China"},{"value":1841,"label":"Ingl\u00e9s"}],"pais":[{"value":4216,"label":"Venezuela"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/18122016-el-cuatro-venezolano.png",1920,784,false],"author_info":{"display_name":"ARMANDO.INFO","author_link":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/author\/armando2\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":2387,"name":"Internacionales","slug":"internacionales","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2387,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":127,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0","cat_ID":2387,"category_count":127,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Internacionales","category_nicename":"internacionales","category_parent":0},{"term_id":2210,"name":"Investigacion","slug":"investigacion","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2210,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":670,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0","cat_ID":2210,"category_count":670,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Investigacion","category_nicename":"investigacion","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":132,"name":"China","slug":"china","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":132,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":11,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"},{"term_id":1841,"name":"Ingl\u00e9s","slug":"ingles","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1841,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":50,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"}],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-06-26 10:26:05","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"authors":[{"term_id":2377,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"roberto-deniz","display_name":"ROBERTO DENIZ","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/81"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2463"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2463\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2463"},{"taxonomy":"pais","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pais?post=2463"},{"taxonomy":"serie","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/serie?post=2463"},{"taxonomy":"localizacion","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/localizacion?post=2463"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}