{"id":2444,"date":"2017-09-24T15:39:39","date_gmt":"2017-09-24T15:39:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/armando.info\/?p=2444"},"modified":"2017-09-24T15:39:39","modified_gmt":"2017-09-24T15:39:39","slug":"a-revolution-of-santeros","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/a-revolution-of-santeros\/","title":{"rendered":"A Revolution of Santeros"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bolivar's \r\nface was behind him, shadowing him, as was often the case. He wore a red shirt \r\nand a dark blue jacket, which looked black before the intense spotlights of the \r\ncameras. His voice was not the usual, because it seemed calmer. He breathed each \r\nsyllable softly, as if he were trying not to wake someone who sleeps. Despite \r\nhis intimate communication, he was addressing the entire \r\ncountry.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><I>Father \r\nBol\u00edvar. Bol\u00edvar. We have seen Bol\u00edvar. His rests. (The camera made close up of \r\nthe face of the Liberator, which the painter wanted to capture tousled from the \r\nwind). I have had some doubts, of course. I am not the first throughout these \r\nyears. But last night, when seeing the remains of Bol\u00edvar, my heart said \"yes, \r\nit is me\". And I remembered Neruda, looking at the skeleton, looking at the \r\nskull, looking at the space where the eyes were. And I asked him in silence, \r\npraying, that question of Neruda, of the great Pablo Neruda. I asked him: \r\n\u00abFather, are you, or are not you, or who are you?\u00bb And Neruda himself answered \r\nme from the heart: \"Yes, it is me, but I wake up every hundred years when the \r\npeople wake up.\"<\/I><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/24092017-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-52282\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\nAyacucho hall, in the Presidential Palace of Miraflores, burst into applause. At \r\nthat moment, his ceremonial ended, almost in a prayerful tone. And he returned \r\nto his facet as a battler, to the attack before the \r\ncameras.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><I>Of \r\ncourse, since last night when I made public the information via @chavezcandanga, \r\nand later on when I told the ministers to broadcast live as at around two to \r\nthree in the morning (...)on Twitter and some media started to say \u00abCh\u00e1vez is \r\nleading an act of witchcraft\u00bb. They are sick. It's a disease they have. \r\n\u00abWitchcraft, it is witchcraft\u00bb. However, 80% to 90% of the messages where mostly \r\nfrom people spiritually touched, who were saying, \"\u00a1Viva Bol\u00edvar!\" and \r\n\"retweeting\" the message that I had the idea to send, because men like Bol\u00edvar \r\ndo not die. Those remains that are there are not dead. It is something like that \r\nwork by the great Venezuelan writer Isaac J. Pardo called \u201cFuego bajo el agua\u201d, \r\nthey are fire under water, or that work by Miguel Otero Silva, \u201cLa piedra que \r\nera Cristo\u201d (The stone that was Christ). That stone is Bol\u00edvar alive, alive in \r\nus, and alive in those we are fighting today because men like Bol\u00edvar \r\ntranscended time.<\/I><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He \r\nsaid it himself, my anguish will live in the future<I \r\nstyle=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\">.<\/I><\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-embed-handler wp-block-embed-embed-handler wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Chavez ordena exhumar restos  de Bolivar\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_TBAWpzhdSM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t \n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That \r\nnight Hugo Ch\u00e1vez had met the bones of Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar during a visit with a \r\ndelegation that lasted more than three hours, according to a forensic expert who \r\nparticipated in the team. The professionals could see at all times what was \r\nhappening in the main room through screens, but Ch\u00e1vez's visit was private. The \r\nscreens were dyed black. The president wanted an intimate moment with the \r\nremains of Bol\u00edvar.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\nwhole skeleton was joined by silver and lead threads and protected with varnish, \r\na careful work prepared by Dr. Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Vargas in 1843. At first glance, it \r\ncould be observed that the father of the country had its teeth separated \r\n(diastemas, according to the forensic reports) and bowed \r\nlegs.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From \r\nthe reports it was learned that Bolivar ground his teeth and that the right \r\ncenterpiece was suffering wear and tear, probably because the Liberator had the \r\nhabit of placing a straw between his teeth. Two frontal teeth, one canine and \r\none premolar were removed for the investigations. A part of a phalanx of the \r\nleft hand, a rib and a sample of the left coxal was also \r\nextracted.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\nsamples would go to the Public Prosecutor's Office and the laboratories of the \r\nVenezuelan Institute of Scientific Research (IVIC) for DNA tests, as reported by \r\nthe government. But doubts about the correct custody of the pieces began to \r\nemerge in the team of professionals. Would someone be able to keep a piece of \r\nbone to use it in a <I>Palero<\/I> ritual?<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\nrumor that Hugo Ch\u00e1vez practiced acts of santeria and witchcraft in the \r\nMiraflores Palace persecuted him during the last years of his life. Despite the \r\ncriticism aimed at those who accused him of these acts, the scenario, the words \r\nused and the images of the exhumation that had been transmitted the previous day \r\nby national television at three in the morning, expanded the belief that the \r\npresident was looking for something more than scientific \r\nexplanations.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-_Ta7Qyt-wl alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-_Ta7Qyt-wl kb-gallery-caption-style-below kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/24092017-02.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"612\" height=\"472\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/24092017-02.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/24092017-02.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/24092017-02.jpg\" data-id=\"52283\" class=\"wp-image-52283 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/24092017-03.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"366\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/24092017-03.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/24092017-03.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/24092017-03.jpg\" data-id=\"52284\" class=\"wp-image-52284 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/24092017-04.jpg\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-inherit kb-has-image-ratio-inherit\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/24092017-04.jpg\"   alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/24092017-04.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/24092017-04.jpg\" data-id=\"52285\" class=\"wp-image-52285 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-It \r\nwas a moment of public confession, an allout <I>Palo<\/I> rite (a <I>santeria<\/I> \r\nbranch that practices rituals with human bones), the climax of the worship of \r\nthe ancestors, the natives. Night belongs to the dead. All the <I>santeros<\/I> \r\nknow this and Chavez also knew it. That is why he does it at dawn. It is part of \r\nthe common of Venezuelans, talking to the dead. And he followed the archetype \r\n\u2014explains Santos L\u00f3pez, a renowned Venezuelan <I>santero<\/I>, who received \r\nfinancial support from local and regional Chavez governments for the celebration \r\nof FITA, an international event of African-American traditions organized between \r\n2003 and 2008.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\nmain attraction of the celebration was the visit of some 500 public figures from \r\naround the world, <I>santeria<\/I> priests (babalawos), voodoos and witch \r\ndoctors, who made spiritual consultations. And he received support from the \r\nmayor\u2019s office of Maracay and the state government of Aragua, both under the \r\n<I>chavista<\/I> control. The injection of public money for the organization of \r\nthis type of activity evidenced, at least, sympathy on the part of the \r\ngovernment.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But \r\nrites and consultations can also be an excellent tool of political strategy. The \r\nmilitary and security personnel close to the presidential circle attended the \r\nappointments of international <I>santeros<\/I>, attended their dances as public, \r\nbut secret consultations were also held. From a hotel in the city of Maracay, in \r\nthe center of the country, <I>santeria<\/I> priests gave political messages, \r\ninterpreted the new national reality and dared to predict the future of the \r\npresident. One of the predictions assumed that Ch\u00e1vez \"would be very \r\ninsecure.\"<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\nconsequences were not long in coming. The close circle of the president asked \r\nL\u00f3pez to explain that prediction and demanded clarification on the meaning of \r\nthe term \"insecurity.\" \"Was it a coup, a conspiracy under way or security \r\nproblems in the environment of the President?\" L\u00f3pez, a well-known \r\n<I>santero<\/I> even outside the borders of Venezuela, had to explain that it was \r\nsimply a revelation of Ifa, the ancestral oracle of the Nigerian tribes to \r\npredict the future.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hugo \r\nCh\u00e1vez always knew how to join his personal life with that of the ancestors. \r\nAfter winning his first elections, on December 6, 1998, he decided that before \r\nthe investiture, on February 2, 1999, he should start in Freemasonry. The great \r\ntransformations that he had prepared for the country not only required all his \r\neffort and work, but spiritual help that, as he had heard, had also been used by \r\nSim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\n<I>Santeros<\/I> that were already in contact with Ch\u00e1vez had told him an \r\nextended historical version in the world of <I>Santeria<\/I>. According to this \r\ninterpretation, when Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar was in Haiti, hero Alexandre P\u00e9tion, ally of \r\nBol\u00edvar and defender of the fundamental rights of slaves in America, initiated \r\nhim in voodoo. There is no document or proof, only the oral tradition that \r\nBol\u00edvar was bathed in the blood of a bull, an act that would have given him the \r\nstrength to win in his battles. Many <I>santeros<\/I> rely on this \r\nstory.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote alignleft\"><blockquote><p>\"Hugo Ch\u00e1vez wants to start in Freemasonry and has chosen this lodge to carry it out\"<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A \r\nfew weeks before Hugo Ch\u00e1vez investiture ceremony, a group of soldiers \r\napproached a lodge of freemasons in area of Altamira, in Caracas. It was a small \r\ngroup headed by Hern\u00e1n Gr\u00fcber Odrem\u00e1n, emissary of the president elect and \r\nmaximum leader of the second coup d'\u00e9tat against Carlos Andr\u00e9s P\u00e9rez, on \r\nNovember 27, 1992. Gr\u00fcber Odrem\u00e1n had made an appointment with the \"venerable \r\nmaster\" Ferm\u00edn Vale, the spiritual leader of the lodge, to transmit a verbal \r\nrequest. \"Hugo Ch\u00e1vez wants to start in Freemasonry and has chosen this lodge to \r\ncarry it out.\"<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vale, \r\na cousin of Ch\u00e1vez's former vice president and confidant, Jos\u00e9 Vicente Rangel, \r\nwas \"a master of early masonry\" and had preserved the rules and rituals of the \r\nindependence heroes. They were the first American leaders who had entered the \r\nspiritual paths to ask for help in their earthly wars. Hugo wanted to start in \r\nFreemasonry as similar as possible to how the liberators did it -according to \r\nthat oral traditional story.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-Usually, \r\nthe members of the lodge discuss the convenience or not of accepting a new \r\nmember. But because of the investiture of the character, in that case there was \r\nlittle to discuss. The entrance was immediately accepted, says one of the former \r\nmembers of the lodge who prefers to remain anonymous.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But \r\nthe group had strict rules to accept the applicant. And, among the conditions \r\ncommunicated to Gr\u00fcber Odrem\u00e1n, was the isolation for a few hours of the \r\npresident-elect from the military house guard who guarded him day and night. The \r\nrear admiral communicated the condition of the lodge but it was rejected by \r\nthose who watched over the security of the future president. The surveillance \r\nring was not willing to leave Hugo Chavez alone in the hands of four strangers. \r\nThe lodge refused to allow the ritual to be witnessed by the military, so Ch\u00e1vez \r\nsought another option for initiation. The veteran masons are convinced that the \r\nchosen lodge was Sol de Am\u00e9rica, in the center of Caracas, to which the former \r\nmayor of Caracas and leader of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela, PSUV, \r\nFreddy Bernal belongs.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bernal, \r\nex-policeman and for many years a strong man of <I>chavism<\/I>, has left the \r\nfront line of politics. Introverted, usually wears casual clothing: flannel and \r\njeans. His body built shows that he participates in some sport or uses weight \r\nmachines in gyms. He carries two cell phones attached to the belt and repeatedly \r\nchecks for new messages or calls. Bernal's diction is peculiar. He pronounces \r\nthe \u201cs\u201d in a similar way as the \u201cc\u201d and \u201cz\u201d is pronounced in Spain, which can \r\nconfer him an innocent image that has little to do with the reality. \r\n<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bernal \r\nis a tough man, who shouldered the responsibility of organizing the Bolivarian \r\ncircles during the years of greatest political tension in Venezuela, at the \r\nbeginning of the last decade. Those groups were attributed the street handling \r\nof weapons, the intimidation of the opposition.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I \r\napproached Bernal in an act of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela, created \r\nas a support platform for Hugo Ch\u00e1vez. He accepted the questions. He does not \r\nplace barriers, although he listens and observes with a cautious, almost of \r\ndistrustful gesture. He does not deny his membership in the Mason group but does \r\nnot confirm that Hugo Ch\u00e1vez requested an initiation ritual. Apart from the \r\nimportant decisions of the party, he avoids giving more information than \r\nnecessary.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-I \r\ncannot assure or deny it. I do not know if he went there or not. I am a member \r\nof that lodge and what I can confirm is that we do not deal with political or \r\nreligious matters, only philosophical issues -Bernal \r\nexplains.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since \r\nHugo Ch\u00e1vez came into power in 1999, relations between Venezuela and Cuba began \r\nto strengthen. The military frequently travels to Havana to be trained and \r\nqualified, and trade and passenger numbers grow. The defunct Venezuelan airline \r\nAeropostal had inaugurated two weekly flights to Havana on those days, Tuesdays \r\nand Thursdays. And since then, the airline management began receiving requests \r\nfrom high-ranking military.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-They \r\nwanted to travel to Havana for free. All received some type of training course: \r\nmilitary intelligence and internal security, among many others. They asked me \r\nfor free passages every time. And to avoid having problems with the government, \r\nwe had to give them - explains Ram\u00f3n Barrios, former vice president of \r\nAeropostal , who accompanied Hugo Ch\u00e1vez during his first trips to \r\nHavana.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Helpful, \r\nrespectful and even fearful of <I>Santeria<\/I>'s reach, Barrios knew very well \r\nthe operation of the air terminal and the government itself. He had also been \r\none of the observers of Hugo Ch\u00e1vez's first party, Movimiento Quinta Rep\u00fablica \r\n(Fifth Republic Movement), MVR, in the 1998 presidential elections.&nbsp; \r\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote alignleft\"><blockquote><p>Hugo Ch\u00e1vez had become the saint, i.e. he started in santeria in Cuba.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With \r\nthe first years of Ch\u00e1vez in power, the boom in passenger traffic caused the \r\nairline to open an office in Cuba with six workers; three of them were \r\npractitioners of Santeria. When establishing a relationship of trust with the \r\nteam, Barrios began to discover that the supposed training courses of the \r\nVenezuelan senior military had, in fact, a hidden purpose.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-I \r\nwas told that the Venezuelan delegations were going to Pinar del R\u00edo for \r\nspiritual cleansing and to get start in <I>santeria<\/I>. Then they returned to \r\nCaracas with their necklaces and did not hide them; quite the opposite. The \r\nbelief that if you had the Babalu Ay\u00e9 bracelet (deity of the Yoruba religion) \r\nyou were more attached to the revolution and you were better considered by your \r\nsuperiors spread, he explains.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When \r\nHugo Ch\u00e1vez faced the first months of government, Aeropostal organized a meeting \r\nof businessmen in Cuba attended by the president. The event was held at the El \r\nNacional hotel, next to the Habana Libre hotel. Barrios, a lawyer, criminologist \r\nand doctor of Law, assures that this trip was the one that tended the bridges \r\nbetween the Cuban <I>santeros<\/I> and Hugo Ch\u00e1vez and that it would transform \r\nthe way of doing politics in the country.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-Six \r\nmilitary men went there to became <I>santeros<\/I> (get started in \r\n<I>santeria<\/I>. I could say that Luis Miquilena and Jos\u00e9 Vicente Rangel also \r\nwent there because the head of the Military House at that time had told me they \r\nwere going to a secret meeting -he adds.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In \r\na short time, a rumor permanently and insistently circulated among the elite as \r\nwell as among popular classes. Hugo Ch\u00e1vez had become a <I>santero<\/I>, i.e. he \r\nstarted in <I>santeria<\/I> in Cuba. The Cuban <I>santero<\/I> Carlos Vald\u00e9s, who \r\nfled in 1994 in a raft to Miami, claims to have witnessed the ceremony that \r\ninitiated Ch\u00e1vez in <I>Santeria<\/I> in Cojimar, a town seven kilometers from \r\nHavana. He says he attended as an assistant in the ritual in which Ch\u00e1vez fed \r\nthe saints, i.e. he made animal sacrifices for the \r\n<I>Orishas<\/I>.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\nfirst approach of Hugo Ch\u00e1vez to the Cuban <I>santeros<\/I> occurred in a visit \r\nof the then candidate to the hotel Habana Libre where, according to Vald\u00e9s, Hugo \r\nwas invited to a meal.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">- \r\nHe loved the chicken that was served and asked to speak with the cook, named \r\nApito, who was a homosexual and extremely <I>gago <\/I>(difficulty to articulate \r\nconsonants). They had a connection and went from talking about food to spiritual \r\ntopics. Apito, son of Elegu\u00e1, was babalawo -explains Vald\u00e9s in a telephone \r\ninterview from Miami.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \r\n<I>santero<\/I>, known in South Florida among the Cuban community, explains that \r\nCh\u00e1vez's initiation into that religion is no secret among the priests of \r\n<I>Santeria<\/I> from Eastern Havana. \"It's an open secret,\" he \r\nsays.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But \r\nanother Cuban babalawo, residing in Miami, who was related to the \r\n<I>chavism<\/I>, says that the commander was initiated in the Palo branch \r\n(rituals with human bones) in the Military Academy of Caracas. \u00abA goat was \r\nsacrificed for Elegu\u00e1, a goat for Obatal\u00e1, a goat for Och\u00fan and also a ram, a \r\nhen and a duck\u00bb, explains Jos\u00e9 Medina, Cuban babalawo who shows the first \r\ncampaign poster of 1998 signed by Hugo Ch\u00e1vez, who referred to him as \"a \r\ncompatriot and a friend\".<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Medina \r\nagrees that the Babalawo Apito was the one who initiated Chavez in \r\n<I>Santeria<\/I> and assures that, after him, other senior leaders of Venezuelan \r\npolitics like General Manuel Rosendo, former Defense Minister Lucas Rincon, and \r\nformer Vice President Luis Miquilena followed.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In \r\nthose days Aeropostal had 400 workers at the Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar airport, and in less \r\nthan a year, half began to wear completely white clothes and show without shame \r\n<I>santero<\/I> necklaces. It was the attire of initiation in this religion, \r\ninherited from the African slaves, but transformed in Cuba after five centuries \r\nof colonization and miscegenation. Employees began to refuse to wear the \r\ncompany's uniform and claimed to be able to dress according to their new \r\nbeliefs. It was a religious subversion, or maybe a \r\nrevolution.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then \r\nBarrios, who had also practiced <I>santeria<\/I> years ago, showed his \r\nnecklaces.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-If \r\nthey see that you are a <I>santer<\/I>o, they respect you much more as a \r\nboss.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It \r\ndid not matter when and where. For the followers of the new religion that was \r\npowerfully spreading in Venezuela, there was no doubt about it. No refutation or \r\nofficial version was able to deny the forcefulness of the metamessages, the \r\nevidence of clothing and speech. It was irrelevant whether it was in Caracas or \r\nHavana, whether it was in 1994 or 1999. Everyone was convinced that Hugo Ch\u00e1vez \r\nhad already become a <I>santero<\/I>.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wps-pgfw-pdf-generate-icon__wrapper-frontend pgfw-icon-display pgfw-icon-display--default\" style=\"--pgfw-icon-justify:center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2444\/?action=genpdf&#038;id=2444\" class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button pgfw-single-pdf-download-button--default pgfw-single-pdf-download-button--icon-only\" title=\"Generate PDF\" style=\"--pgfw-icon-width:25px;--pgfw-icon-height:45px;\" aria-label=\"Download PDF\"><span class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button__media\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><img src=\"https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-generator-for-wp\/admin\/src\/images\/PDF_Tray.svg\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Armando.info publishes an excerpt from the extended edition of \u201cLos brujos de Ch\u00e1vez\u201d (Ch\u00e1vez\u2019s warlocks and witches), the lauded book by David Placer, a Venezuelan journalist based in Spain, published in Venezuela by the publishing company Editorial Dahbar. The chronicle shows what could be the highlight of the Chavista Santeria, the exhumation of the remains of Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar, ordered by the late president commander because he was determined to prove that the Liberator had been poisoned in San Pedro Alejandrino. From there, Placer cites episodes and talks with witnesses in Miami and Caracas, who claim that Ch\u00e1vez became a santero (practitioner of Santeria) before assuming the presidency for the first time in 1999. With his research, Placer completed a deliberately hidden aspect of the volcanic life of the leader of the Bolivarian process.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":52286,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","ghostkit_customizer_options":"","ghostkit_custom_css":"","ghostkit_custom_js_head":"","ghostkit_custom_js_foot":"","ghostkit_typography":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2387,2210],"tags":[78,72,1841,1787,813],"pais":[4216],"serie":[],"localizacion":[4227],"ppma_author":[2313],"class_list":["post-2444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internacionales","category-investigacion","tag-chavez","tag-cuba","tag-ingles","tag-religion","tag-santero","pais-venezuela-en"],"acf":{"reportage-top-html":""},"views":5891,"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":2387,"label":"Internacionales"},{"value":2210,"label":"Investigacion"}],"post_tag":[{"value":78,"label":"Ch\u00c3\u00a1vez"},{"value":72,"label":"Cuba"},{"value":1841,"label":"Ingl\u00e9s"},{"value":1787,"label":"Religi\u00f3n"},{"value":813,"label":"Santero"}],"pais":[{"value":4216,"label":"Venezuela"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/armando.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/24092017-HuesosBolivar-.png",1920,784,false],"author_info":{"display_name":"ARMANDO.INFO","author_link":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/author\/armando2\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":2387,"name":"Internacionales","slug":"internacionales","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2387,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":127,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0","cat_ID":2387,"category_count":127,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Internacionales","category_nicename":"internacionales","category_parent":0},{"term_id":2210,"name":"Investigacion","slug":"investigacion","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2210,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":670,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0","cat_ID":2210,"category_count":670,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Investigacion","category_nicename":"investigacion","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":78,"name":"Ch\u00c3\u00a1vez","slug":"chavez","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":78,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":25,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"},{"term_id":72,"name":"Cuba","slug":"cuba","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":72,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":16,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"},{"term_id":1841,"name":"Ingl\u00e9s","slug":"ingles","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1841,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":50,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"},{"term_id":1787,"name":"Religi\u00f3n","slug":"religion","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1787,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":11,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"},{"term_id":813,"name":"Santero","slug":"santero","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":813,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":2,"filter":"raw","menu_order":"0"}],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-08-14 18:14:13","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"authors":[{"term_id":2313,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"david-placer","display_name":"DAVID PLACER","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2444","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/81"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2444"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2444\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2444"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2444"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2444"},{"taxonomy":"pais","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pais?post=2444"},{"taxonomy":"serie","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/serie?post=2444"},{"taxonomy":"localizacion","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/localizacion?post=2444"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armando.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2444"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}